Cybersecurity Investments

This book offers readers essential orientation on cybersecurity safeguards, and first and foremost helps them find the right balance between financial expenditures and risk mitigation. This is achieved by pursuing a multi-disciplinary approach that combines well-founded methods from economics and the computer sciences. Established decision making techniques are embedded into a walk-through for the complete lifecycle of cybersecurity investments. Insights into the economic aspect of the costs and benefits of cybersecurity are supplemented by established and innovative economic indicators. Readers will find practical tools and techniques to support reasonable decision making in cybersecurity investments. Further, they will be equipped to encourage a common understanding using economic aspects, and to provide cost transparency for the senior management.

Digitalization has taken a predominant role in the Netherlands. The Netherlands considers itself one of the leading ICT countries, promotes itself as ‘a safe place to do business’ and aspires to be the digital gateway of Europe. This report will first estimate the current and prospective size of the Dutch digital economy and the ICT sector, and later analyze how much the latter contributes to the national economy. Next, we provide a holistic overview of the current level of public and private investments in cybersecurity, followed by an analysis estimating the Dutch cybersecurity market by comparing different studies. Taking into account the 1,5% loss of its national GDP to cybercrime, which correlates well to the €10bn value loss through cyber risk in the Netherlands, the Dutch private sector, and especially the government, can invest more in cybersecurity to reduce the impact and damage cybercrime and –risks. In addition, there is a drastic increase in demand anticipated for cybersecurity experts and IoT developers. As a result, when this is solved, one might conclude that the investments in cybersecurity will exceed the 10% norm. This research is directed to the National Cyber Testbed Initiative of The Hague Security Delta (December 2016).

This Festschrift is in honor of Chris Hankin, Professor at the Imperial College in London, UK, on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday. Chris Hankin is a Fellow of the Institute for Security Science and Technology and a Professor of Computing Science. His research is in cyber security, data analytics and semantics-based program analysis. He leads multidisciplinary projects focused on developing advanced visual analytics and providing better decision support to defend against cyber attacks. This Festschrift is a collection of scientific contributions related to the topics that have marked the research career of Professor Chris Hankin. The contributions have been written to honour Chris' career and on the occasion of his retirement.

Each spring, the Cyber Project at Georgetown University’s Institute for Law, Science, and Global Security convenes a conference of leading international experts from academia, the private sector, and government to address cutting-edge issues in cybersecurity. The 2014 annual conference is the starting point for this special issue of the Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, the fourth volume in the annual International Engagement on Cyber series. Key papers from the conference have been included in this issue along with new articles added to round out this collaboration between the Cyber Project and the journal. This issue begins with a group of articles under the theme “A Post-Snowden Cyberspace,” describing how Edward Snowden’s revelations directly or indirectly changed the way the global community understands cybersecurity and cyber law. Other topics covered include cyber weapons, cyber deterrence, Japan’s cybersecurity strategy, data protection in the private sector, executive accountability for data breaches, minimum security standards for connected devices, and the problem of underinvestment in cybersecurity. Please note, this special issue is not included in the subscription to the journal. The Georgetown Journal of International Affairs is the official publication of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. Each issue of the journal provides readers with a diverse array of timely, peer-reviewed content penned by top policymakers, business leaders, and academic luminaries.

Whether you are a seasoned professional looking to explore new areas within the alternative investment arena or a new industry participant seeking to establish a solid understanding of alternative investments, Alternative Investments: An Allocator's Approach, Fourth Edition (CAIA Level II curriculum official text) is the best way to achieve these goals. In recent years, capital formation has shifted dramatically away from public markets as issuers pursue better financial and value alignment with ownership, less onerous and expensive regulatory requirements, market and information dislocation, and liberation from the short-term challenges that undergird the public capital markets. The careful and informed use of alternative investments in a diversified portfolio can reduce risk, lower volatility, and improve returns over the long-term, enhancing investors' ability to meet their investment outcomes. Alternative Investments: An Allocator's Approach (CAIA Level II curriculum official text) is a key resource that can be used to improve the sophistication of asset owners and those who work with them. This text comprises the curriculum, when combined with supplemental materials available at caia.org, for the CAIA Level II exam. "Over the course of my long career one tenet has held true, 'Continuing Education'. Since CalSTRS is a teachers' pension plan, it is no surprise that continuing education is a core attribute of our Investment Office culture. Overseeing one of the largest institutional pools of capital in the world requires a cohesive knowledge and understanding of both public and private market investments and strategies. We must understand how these opportunities might contribute to delivering on investment outcomes for our beneficiaries. Alternative Investments: An Allocator's Approach is the definitive core instruction manual for an institutional investor, and it puts you in the captain's chair of the asset owner." —Christopher J. Ailman, Chief Investment Officer, California State Teachers’ Retirement System "Given their diversified cash flow streams and returns, private markets continue to be a growing fixture of patient, long-term portfolios. As such, the need to have proficiency across these sophisticated strategies, asset classes, and instruments is critical for today's capital allocator. As a proud CAIA charterholder, I have seen the practical benefits in building a strong private markets foundation, allowing me to better assist my clients." —Jayne Bok, CAIA, CFA, Head of Investments, Asia, Willis Tower Watson

"Incentivizing Cybersecurity goes beyond books that simply describe cybersecurity technology or law to provide a coherent and comprehensive explanation of why we are making so little progress in addressing the threat, and it lays out a specific path to address the threat in a new, more effective fashion. The book calls for a new market-based "social contract" between the public and private sectors. Since virtually every aspect of modern life is dependent on these cyber systems, cybersecurity is everybody's issue. It should be required reading for both industry and government leaders, as well as cybersecurity practitioners. The book is a collaborative effort of the Board of Directors of the Internet Security Alliance. Each author is a recognized expert in cybersecurity typically with substantial frontline responsibility for addressing the most sophisticated cyber attackers. Taken together, these authors bring elite-level cybersecurity expertise into one coherent volume"--