Dairy Farm Survey Report On One Hundred And Twenty Four Farms In The Arrow Lakes Chilliwack Courtenay Ladner And Salmon Arm Districts For The Year Ending May 1st 1921

Excerpt from Dairy Farm Survey: Report on One Hundred and Twenty-Four Farms in the Arrow Lakes, Chilliwack, Courtenay, Ladner and Salmon Arm Districts for the Year Ending May 1st, 1921 Following up the dairy farm survey, which they had inaugurated In 1920, the Department of Animal Husbandry of the University of British Columbia found themselves in a position in 1921 to extend this work of investigation so as to include two new districts. These new districts are Salmon Arm and Arrow Lakes in the interior of British Columbia, the farms of which areas are herein reported upon for the first time in this investigational work. In addition to these sections, the farms in the Chilliwack and Ladner districts in the Lower Fraser Valley, and Courtenay, Vancouver Island, are further studied and reported upon in this bulletin. Farmers operate their farms with varying degrees of success. In this report an attempt has been made to determine the factors that make for gain or loss on farms in certain areas within the Province. In order to get the necessary information, a field-man called on each farmer included in the survey and secured detailed records of each farmer's receipts and expenses for one year. These records included, in addition to the business transacted during the year, an inventory of all livestock, equipment, buildings and land as at the beginning and the end of the year covered in the investigation. The year herein reported upon extended from May 1st. 1920, to April 30th. 1921. and thus may be called the crop year of 1320. The records compiled through the co-operation of the farmers and with the aid of feed houses and creameries that were able to give detailed accounts of the feed the farmers bought and the milk the farmers sold, are the data on which this report is based. Explanation of Terms Used. Farm Income. - The farm income is the amount of farm receipts left after paying all expenses in connection with the operation of the farm. In the expenses are reckoned wages for all help, including family labour, depreciation on all buildings and machinery, in addition to the other current expenses in connection with the farm. Wages to the operator for his labour are not included in expenses. Labour Income. - It is recognized that the farmer has a considerable amount of capital Invested In his farm, livestock and equipment. Provision must be made for interest on this capital. The farm income is divided Into two parts - Interest income or Income due to interest on Investment, and labour income or Income due to the labour and managerial ability that the farmer has put into the business during the year. Labour income is then the farm income, less interest on investment. Interest on investment has been calculated at 7% all through this report, except where otherwise stated. No record is made of the farm products used in the house, except in the case of beef and pork. The farmer has had, in addition to his labour income, the eggs, milk, potatoes and garden truck that he has used from the farm. He has also had a house, free of rent, which has been kept in repair. It can be seen, then, that a farmer, whose farm returns him a minus labour income, may still live well and even save money. It may be that he owns his farm and does not have to pay interest, and he may not have paid cash for the family labour which the report allows for. In this case he has not made money by means of his labour, but on his investment, which is due to return him interest, or on his unpaid family help. In cases, however, where he has paid interest and did pay for his family labour and still has shown a minus labour income, and continues to show minus year after year, there are only two avenues of escape from eventual bankruptcy: either he must leave the farm, or so manage his farm business that his labour income will be Increased. Labour income represents the wages the farm returns to the operator for his labou

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