Deception An Interdisciplinary Exploration

This volume explores the concept of deception from a multidisciplinary perspective, reflecting how deception is considered across numerous fields ranging from literature and historical cases to psychological science.

"I speak the truth, not so much as I would, but as much as I dare...."-- Montaigne "All cruel people describe themselves as paragons of frankness.'" -- Tennessee Williams Truth and deception--like good and evil--have long been viewed as diametrically opposed and unreconcilable. Yet, few people can honestly claim they never lie. In fact, deception is practiced habitually in day-to-day life--from the polite compliment that doesn't accurately relay one's true feelings, to self-deception about one's own motivations. What fuels the need for people to intricately construct lies and illusions about their own lives? If deceptions are unconscious, does it mean that we are not responsible for their consequences? Why does self-deception or the need for illusion make us feel uncomfortable? Taking into account the sheer ubiquity and ordinariness of deception, this interdisciplinary work moves away from the cut-and-dried notion of duplicity as evil and illuminates the ways in which deception can also be understood as a adaptive response to the demands of living with others. The book articulates the boundaries between unethical and adaptive deception demonstrating how some lies serve socially approved goals, while others provoke distrust and condemnation. Throughout, the volume focuses on the range of emotions--from feelings of shame, fear, or envy, to those of concern and compassion--that motivate our desire to deceive ourselves and others. Providing an interdisciplinary exploration of the widespread phenomenon of lying and deception, this volume promotes a more fully integrated understanding of how people function in their everyday lives. Case illustrations, humor and wit, concrete examples, and even a mock television sitcom script bring the ideas to life for clinical practitioners, behavioral scientists, and philosophers, and for students in these realms.

The Encyclopedia of Deception examines lying from multiple perspectives drawn from the disciplines of social psychology, sociology, history, business, political science, cultural anthropology, moral philosophy, theology, law, family studies, evolutionary biology, philosophy, and more. From the "little white lie," to lying on a resume, to the grandiose lies of presidents, this two-volume reference explores the phenomenon of lying in a multidisciplinary context to elucidate this common aspect of our daily lives. Not only a cultural phenomenon historically, lying is a frequent occurrence in our everyday lives. Research shows that we are likely to lie or intentionally deceive others several times a day or in one out of every four conversations that lasts more than 10 minutes. Key Features: More than 360 authored by key figures in the field are organized A-to-Z in two volumes, which are available in both print and electronic formats. Entries are written in a clear and accessible style that invites readers to explore and reflect on the use of lying and self-deception. Each article concludes with cross references to related entries and further readings. This academic, multi-author reference work will serve as a general, non-technical resource for students and researchers within social and behavioral science programs who seek to better understand the historical role of lying and how it is employed in modern society. Key Themes: Advertising, Marketing, and Public Relations Animals and Nature Communication Deception in Different Cultures Entertainment, Media, and Sports Ethics, Morality, Religion Law, Business, and Academia Military Politics and Government (includes espionage) Psychology: Clinical and Developmental Psychology: Social, Law-Legal, Forensic Social History (lies in history; famous liars, hoaxes)

Mitchell and Thompson have compiled the first interdisciplinary study of deception and its manifestations in a variety of animal species. Deception is unique in that it presents detailed explorations of the broadest array of deceptive behavior, ranging from deceptive signaling in fireflies and stomatopods, to false-alarm calling by birds and foxes, to playful manipulating between people and dogs, to deceiving within intimate human relationships. It offers a historical overview of the problem of deception in related fields of animal behavior, philosophical analyses of the meaning and significance of deception in evolutionary and psychological theories, and diverse perspectives on deception—philosophical, ecological, evolutionary, ethological, developmental, psychological, anthropological, and historical. The contributions gathered herein afford scientists the opportunity to discover something about the formal properties of deception, enabling them to explore and evaluate the belief that one set of descriptive and perhaps explanatory structures is suitable for both biological and psychological phenomena.

This eBook aims to deepen our understanding of emotional communication by introducing “dynamic” perspectives. Facial and bodily expressions of emotion functions as indispensable communicative signals for human beings. People decode the emotional information conveyed by facial/bodily expressions and use this to coordinate cooperative or competitive social relationships. Experimental psychological research has long investigated these important means of emotional communication. However, this was typically done by using static stimuli of facial/bodily expressions to assess the detection and interpretation of emotions. This paradigm was also adopted in neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging studies. Although researchers accumulated valuable information regarding the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying these processes, the static nature of the stimuli may have resulted in important phenomena remaining unexamined. Recently, scientists have begun to explore dynamic emotional communication, in particular by using dynamic facial/bodily expressions of emotion, instead of static photographs, as stimuli. This is having important consequences for emotion research. As dynamic emotional expressions have increased ecological validity and as there are differences in the visual processing of dynamic and static information, a host of novel aspects of the psychological and neural processing of emotional expressions have been elucidated. For example, it has been shown that motor resonance and the recruitment of motor areas are fundamental to dynamic emotional communication. Researchers have also started to investigate the encoding of dynamic emotional interactions and have clarified the messages embedded in the temporal aspects and the patterns of reciprocal inter-individual coordination. Moreover, investigations of dynamic emotional communication have identified heretofore unrecognized impairments in the social functioning of individuals with psychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.

Creativity and Morality summarizes and integrates research on creativity used to achieve bad or immoral ends. The book includes the use of deception, novel ideas to commit wrongdoings across contexts, including in organizations, the classroom and terrorism. Morality is discussed from an individual perspective and relative to broader sociocultural norms that allow people to believe actions are justified. Chapters explore this research from an interdisciplinary perspective, including from psychology, philosophy, media studies, aesthetics and ethics. Summarizes research on creativity used for immoral purposes Identifies individual and sociocultural perspectives on morality Explores creativity in business, education, design and criminal behavior Includes research from psychology, philosophy, ethics, and more

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th EPIA Conference on Artificial Intelligence, EPIA 2021, held virtually in September 2021. The 62 full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 108 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: artificial intelligence and IoT in agriculture; artificial intelligence and law; artificial intelligence in medicine; artificial intelligence in power and energy systems; artificial intelligence in transportation systems; artificial life and evolutionary algorithms; ambient intelligence and affective environments; general AI; intelligent robotics; knowledge discovery and business intelligence; multi-agent systems: theory and applications; and text mining and applications.