Defect Engineering Of Carbon Nanostructures

​This book presents an analysis of the techniques used for the synthesis of innovative functional carbon nanostructures. The chapters describe the research and development of various layered carbon nanostructures. Emphasis is given to the impact of defects on carbon nanostructures. The application of carbon nanostructured materials in biomedical field and energy storage is described.

Defects in Advanced Electronic Materials and Novel Low Dimensional Structures provides a comprehensive review on the recent progress in solving defect issues and deliberate defect engineering in novel material systems. It begins with an overview of point defects in ZnO and group-III nitrides, including irradiation-induced defects, and then look at defects in one and two-dimensional materials, including carbon nanotubes and graphene. Next, it examines the ways that defects can expand the potential applications of semiconductors, such as energy upconversion and quantum processing. The book concludes with a look at the latest advances in theory. While defect physics is extensively reviewed for conventional bulk semiconductors, the same is far from being true for novel material systems, such as low-dimensional 1D and 0D nanostructures and 2D monolayers. This book fills that necessary gap. Presents an in-depth overview of both conventional bulk semiconductors and low-dimensional, novel material systems, such as 1D structures and 2D monolayers Addresses a range of defects in a variety of systems, providing a comparative approach Includes sections on advances in theory that provide insights on where this body of research might lead

Carbon nanotubes are one of the newest materials to be discovered, being barely 20 years old. They are also the most promising one, with one particular sample of multi-walled nanotube attaining a tensile strength of 63GPa, and with carbon nanotubes in general having a specific strength of up to 48000kNm/kg: effectively a direct exploitation of the covalent sp2 bonding between carbon atoms. Plastic deformation begins at about 5% strain. The nanotubes can be produced in lengths of up to 550mm, and thicknesses as small as 4.3Å; making them perfect reinforcement fibres for composites. They also have many other properties which may be useful in electronics, gas storage, etc. The present compilation focuses on the various characteristic types of defect which are found in carbon nanotubes, plus the relatively limited number of diffusion studies which have been performed. The 418 entries cover the period from 1994 to 2014. Keyword: carbon nanotube Abstracts of 418 articles published in a wide range of technical journals coverfirst defects in carbon nanotubes then the diffusion of various compounds through carbon nanotubes. Those on defects consider such aspects as adsorption, characterization, disclination, the effect on compressive behavior, the effect on thermal conductivity, heptagon, interstitial, pinhole, topological, andvacancy. Among the chemicals addressed in the diffusion studies are alkanes, gold, carbon dioxide, copper, iron, water, Lennard-Jones fluid, nitrogen, silicon, and simple gases. -- Carbon-- Engineering-- Materials science.

Carbon nanotubes are one of the newest materials to be discovered, being barely 20 years old. They are also the most promising one, with one particular sample of multi-walled nanotube attaining a tensile strength of 63GPa, and with carbon nanotubes in general having a specific strength of up to 48000kNm/kg: effectively a direct exploitation of the covalent sp2 bonding between carbon atoms. Plastic deformation begins at about 5% strain. The nanotubes can be produced in lengths of up to 550mm, and thicknesses as small as 4.3Å; making them perfect reinforcement fibres for composites. They also have many other properties which may be useful in electronics, gas storage , etc. The present compilation focuses on the various characteristic types of defect which are found in carbon nanotubes, plus the relatively limited number of diffusion studies which have been performed. The 418 entries cover the period from 1994 to 2014.

This book helps readers comprehend the principles and fundamentals of defect engineering toward realization of an efficient photocatalyst. The volume consists of two parts, each of which addresses a particulate type of defects. The first, larger section provides a comprehensive and rigorous treatment of the behaviour and nature of intrinsic defects. The author describes how their controlled introduction and consequent manipulation over concentration, distribution, nature and diffusion is one of the most effective and practical methodologies to modify the properties and characteristics of target photocatalytic materials. The second part of the book explains the formation of extrinsic defects in the form of metallic and non-metallic dopants and gives a detailed description of their characteristics as this approach is also often used to fabricate an efficient photocatalyst. Filling the gap in knowledge on the correlation between introduction of defects in various semiconducting materials and their photocatalytic performance, the book is ideal for graduate students, academics and researchers interested in photocatalysts, defect engineering, clean energy, hydrogen production, nanoscale advanced functional materials, CO2 deactivation, and semiconductor engineering.

This volume presents the characterization methods involved with carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube-based composites, with a more detailed look at computational mechanics approaches, namely the finite element method. Special emphasis is placed on studies that consider the extent to which imperfections in the structure of the nanomaterials affect their mechanical properties. These defects may include random distribution of fibers in the composite structure, as well as atom vacancies, perturbation and doping in the structure of individual carbon nanotubes.

The book comprises reviews on various topics of carbon nanotube research from specialists in the field, together with reports on on-going research. Both are intended to give a detailed picture of the remarkable properties of these one-dimensional nanostructures. Particular attention is paid to the synthesis, characterization, properties, and application of nanotubes. The book will be an indispensable introduction for the newcomers in the field as well as a valuable update for researchers in the field, for it contains the most recent developments.

This book presents a widespread description of the synthesis and characterization of biomass-based carbon nanostructures. It also covers the vital applications of these materials in supercapacitors and for next-generation energy storage devices. It describes the common design procedures, advantages and disadvantages of biomass-based carbon nanostructures and offers novel visions into the forthcoming directions. In addition, this book will provide new updates about the effect of doping and structural twist on the electrochemical performance of electrode materials derived from biomass sources. The book will be useful for beginners, researchers, and professionals working in the area of carbon nanomaterials and their applications in energy storage devices.