Die Schutzverantwortung R2p

Das Konzept der Schutzverantwortung (Responsibility to Protect) hat nach seiner ersten fundierten Aufbearbeitung im Bericht der International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) im Jahr 2001 und der Aufnahme in das Abschlussdokument des UN-Weltgipfels 2005 weltweit einen Siegeszug angetreten. Das Denken und Argumentieren in Völkerrechtswissenschaft und –praxis ist mittlerweile nachhaltig davon geprägt. Dennoch bleiben viele Fragen in diesem Zusammenhang offen. In diesem Band diskutieren Experten des Internationalen Rechts Grundsatzaspekte der Schutzverantwortung. Diese wird in ihrer historischen Dimension analysiert, es wird geprüft, wie sich dieses Konzept in das allgemeine System des Völkerrechts fügt und es wird analysiert, welche Entwicklungsperspektiven sich für diesen Ansatz abzeichnen. The concept of R2P has found broad approval in international law doctrine as well as in practice after it was first introduced by the Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) in 2001, and after its affirmation by the UN World Summit in 2005. It is fair to say that international law has been profoundly influenced by this new approach. Nonetheless, many questions in this regard are still open. In this volume international lawyers discuss a series of fundamental aspects of R2P: the historical dimension, the relationship between R2P and general international law and the dynamics surrounding this concept. In particular it is examined in which direction this concept is expected to evolve. Contributors include: Alex Bellamy, Enzo Cannizzaro, Martina Caroni, Thomas Cottier, Fernand de Varennes, Oliver Diggelmann, Andrea Gattini, Hans-Joachim Heintze, Peter Hilpold, Karolina Januszewski, Nadakavukaren Scheffer, Stefanie Schmahl, Peter-Tobias Stoll, and Lotta Viikari.

This book focuses on measures pertaining to the three-pillar implementation strategy of R2P and examines how and to what extent the three pillars have been practised. Rich in its geographical scope, this edited book provides a critical analysis of R2P practice over the last two decades by focusing on representative cases from different regions. Analysing not only recent and/or underexplored cases but also widely studied cases from a fresh and alternative perspective, it sheds light on the depth and scope of the norm as well as the variety of actors involved and how they impact R2P practice. Diverging from most accounts, this edited book does not approach the cases as a ‘success’ or ‘failure’ of R2P. By studying the background to the conflicts and making assessments on a pillar-by-pillar basis, each chapter addresses the root causes, traces the process of implementation, investigates the actions of the actors involved, identifies elements of success and failure and finally questions the sustainability of the protection provided to date. Meanwhile, the conceptual chapters complement the case analyses through an overall evaluation of R2P’s first two decades and the progress achieved so far with the aim to draw lessons for future implementations of R2P.

Das Konzept der Responsibility to Protect (R2P) hat sich in kürzester Zeit in der internationalen Politik fest verankert und genießt vordergründig eine starke Akzeptanz in der Völkergemeinschaft. Zugleich ist diese im Werden begriffene Norm aber auch höchst umstritten, insbesondere was ihre Anwendung in der Praxis und ihr Spannungsverhältnis zu bestehenden Grundsätzen des Völkerrechts, wie dem Prinzip der Souveränität und dem Interventionsverbot, betrifft. Dieser Band beleuchtet aus politikwissenschaftlicher, völkerrechtlicher und friedensethischer Perspektive die aktuelle Diskussion über die Schutzverantwortung, insbesondere nach der Bezugnahme auf die R2P bei der Intervention in Libyen 2011.

After having been introduced by the Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) in 2001 and after its affirmation by the UN World Summit in 2005 the concept of R2P has found broad approval both by international law doctrine and practice. It is fair to say that international law thinking has been profoundly influenced by this new approach. Nonetheless, many questions in this regard are still open. In this volume international lawyers discuss a series of fundamental aspect of R2P: the historical dimension, the relationship between R2P and general international law and the dynamics surrounding this concept. In particular it will be examined in which direction this concept will probably evolve. Contributors are: Alex Bellamy, Enzo Cannizzaro, Martina Caroni, Thomas Cottier, Hans-Georg Dederer, Fernand de Varennes, Oliver Diggelmann, Caro Focarelli, Andrea Gattini, Hans-Joachim Heintze, Peter Hilpold, Karolina Januszewski, Stefan Kadelbach, Federico Lenzerini, Manfred Nowak, Karin Oellers-Frahm, Nadakavukren Scheffer, Peter-Tobias Stoll, and Lotta Viikari

This book explains why there is a pronounced disjuncture between R2P's habitual invocation and its actual influence, and why it will not make the transformative progress its proponents claim. Rather than disputing that R2P is a norm, or declaring that norms are insignificant, Hehir engages with post-positivist constructivist accounts on the role of norms to demonstrate first, that the efficacy of a norm is not directly related to the extent to which it is proliferated or invoked, and second, that in the post-institutionalization phase, norms undergo both contestation and (potentially regressive) reinterpretation. This volume analyses the evolution of R2P, and demonstrates that it has been steadily circumscribed and co-opted, so that today it has no power to meaningfully influence the behaviour of states. It is essential reading for academic audiences in the disciplines of International Relations and International Law.

Die Beiträge in diesem Band bieten unterschiedliche Perspektiven auf die Internationale Schutzverantwortung. Die R2P erweist sich offensichtlich als eine robuste und dynamische Norm. Eine Norm, die sich trotz permanenter Diskussionen, Anfechtungen und Streitfragen und trotz des Missbrauchs für interessengeleitete Machtpolitik doch stetig weiterentwickelt. Und die ein Referenzpunkt für Staaten, Institutionen und nichtstaatliche Akteure bei deren Begründungen von als "humanitär" ausgewiesenen Interventionen bleibt. Es wird aber auch klar, dass diese Normunternehmer von sehr unterschiedlichen Motiven geleitet werden, sehr unterschiedliche Interessen verfolgen und die R2P auch sehr unterschiedlich interpretieren.

In 2005, the international community made a landmark commitment to prevent mass atrocities by unanimously adopting the UN’s “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) principle. As often as not, however, R2P has failed to translate into decisive action. Why does this gap persist between the world’s normative pledges to R2P and its ability to make it a daily lived reality? In this new book, leading global authorities on humanitarian protection Alex Bellamy and Edward Luck offer a probing and in-depth response to this fundamental question, calling for a more comprehensive approach to the practice of R2P – one that moves beyond states and the UN to include the full range of actors that play a role in protecting vulnerable populations. Drawing on cases from the Middle East to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia, they examine the forces and conditions that produce atrocity crimes and the challenge of responding to them quickly and effectively. Ultimately, they advocate both for emergency policies to temporarily stop carnage and for policies leading to sustainable change within societies and governments. Only by introducing these additional elements to the R2P toolkit will the failures associated with humanitarian crises like Syria and Libya become a thing of the past.