Disadvantaged By Where You Live

Disadvantaged by where you live? offers a major contribution to academic debates on the neighbourhood both as a sphere of governance and as a point of public service delivery under New Labour since 1997.

This text offers a major contribution to academic debates on the neighbourhood both as a sphere of governance and as a point of public service delivery under New Labour since 1997.

Addressing literacy and disadvantage requires high-quality teaching, first and foremost: there are no quick fixes, simplistic solutions or silver bullets. Both research and professional evidence from schools have revealed a strong association between social disadvantage and achievement in literacy: in fact, it has been a concern for over 70 years. Yet, many trainee teachers, and teachers in general, feel ill-equipped to deal with the issue. This book supports trainee teachers to explore the complex relationships between literacy achievement and social background. It offers practical strategies for teaching and supports trainee teachers to understand that: *children’s individual backgrounds need to be valued and drawn upon; *deficit descriptions of disadvantaged children and low expectations must be avoided and challenged; *schools, teachers and classrooms must provider rich literacy environments for learning.

This major new book provides, for the first time, a detailed evaluation of policies on poverty and social exclusion since 1997, and their effects. Bringing together leading experts in the field, it considers the challenges the government has faced, the policies chosen and the targets set in order to assess results. Drawing on research from the Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, and on external evaluations, the book asks how children, older people, poor neighbourhoods, ethnic minorities and other vulnerable groups have fared under New Labour and seeks to assess the government both on its own terms - in meeting its own targets - and according to alternative views of social exclusion.

In response to the challenges posed by urban decline, local policy activism has increased in countries across Europe. Ren Peter Hohmann argues here that we should view these area-based community initiatives, such as England's New Deal for Communities and Germany's Social City Program, as incubators for new forms of urban governance that seek to foster the active participation of residents and nonprofit groups. Based on his comparative analysis of initiatives in Bristol, England, and Duisburg, Germany, Hohmann's study provides a richly informed assessment of local policy activism and its impact on neighborhood organizations and developers.

This book features contributions by international scholars who have worked to establish a theory- and empirics-based discussion on disadvantaged minorities and long-term economic development. Depending on their socio-demographic characteristics, minorities have long lived under the shadow of the groups, categories, or communities they presumably belong to. Despite the obstacles they have to face, they manage to demonstrate that, above all, they are entrepreneurs capable to start, run, and successfully complete their venture. Their motivations are often assimilated by the research community into “necessity entrepreneurship.” In addition to the external barriers they face, they have to overcome endogenous cognitive factors that hinder their entrepreneurial intention: anxiety before the future, the anguish of death, generativity, health condition as perceived by others, subjective age, and the cultural gap as viewed by natives, among others. The book integrates a diversity of challenges and disadvantages faced by entrepreneurs, allowing the reader to have a renewed understanding of entrepreneurial behavior. On the theoretical level, the chapters emphasize the need for integrating entrepreneurship theory with multidisciplinary approaches, such as the Theory of Cumulative Disadvantage/Advantage (CDA), cultural and geographical theories, and psychological theories. On the practical level, this book would raise the awareness of policy makers, mainly governmental and nongovernmental organizations concerning the disadvantages, and helping them adjust their actions either for local or international programs. Chapter "Intersectionality and Minority Entrepreneurship: At the Crossroad of Vulnerability and Power" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Inclusive Transport: Fighting Involuntary Transport Disadvantages offers readers profound and multifaceted insights into transportation and social equity, guiding transportation and urban studies researchers, planners, and policy makers in evaluating potential solutions to this complex issue. It considers discrimination and its societal consequences, providing a needed perspective on who is left out of transportation planning, and why. The book is systematically divided into 2 parts, Part A is problem oriented and explores the main problems to the transportation disadvantaged; accessibility and affordability. It looks at the consequences of non-accessibility, the problems non-car owners face, and the interplay between housing and transportation; Part B is policy oriented and analyses how current policies tend to forget transport disadvantages. It looks at pragmatic solutions for transport disadvantaged and ends with a design for inclusive transport, being a more radical approach combining sustainability challenges, people’s behaviours and emotions, creating more just and equitable mobility. Synthesizes academic research and narratives on transport disadvantage and the transport disadvantaged, linking the research with current mobility policies and practices Connects the fight on transport disadvantages with sustainable and smart mobility strategies and looks into car sharing, ride sharing and individualising public transport while de- individualizing car use Has an extensive usage of data, figures, and examples from around the world, and inspiring mobility plans and policies

"This book directly addresses the economic development issues central to neighbourhood renewal, drawing on the authors' original research and wide-ranging analysis of recent academic theory and policy practice. Their critical examination of the economic problems of deprived areas, and the range of employment and enterprise-related policy initiatives and governance arrangements that have attempted to address them, offers informed insights into what does and what does not work."--BOOK JACKET.