Drainage Machinery

Reliable subsurface drainage systems for groundwater table and salinity control are needed to maintain or enhance the productivity of irrigated lands and to contribute to the rural development of lowlands in the humid tropic. This publication presents guidelines to assess the need for envelopes and for the selection of appropriate materials (i.e. pipes and envelopes) for the proper and lasting performance of subsurface drainage systems. In addition, it also contains guidelines for adequate installation and maintenance of drainage materials as well as the required specifications and standards of such materials, which may be used in tender documents for implementation of subsurface drainage works. Practical guidelines for the implementation of laboratory and field investigations to evaluate the performance of drainage materials have also been included.--Publisher's description.

The current book attempts to fill the gap in one of the major subject of land drainage that will have a major impact on production and productivity of irrigated lands. The book Titled `Drainage Engineering: Principles and Practices` deals with the subject of surface and subsurface drainage to reclaim waterlogged salt affected soils. Based on the course curricula as suggested by Deans´ committee constituted by ICAR, the current publication has been divided into 11 Chapters covering all the facets of land drainage as applied to agriculture. Each chapter covers one of the related issues beginning with general introduction to water logging, soil salinity and land drainage in Chapter 1.Surface drainage methods, an essential intervention in monsoon climatic regions and as supplement to the subsurface drainage are included in Chapter 2. Drainage investigations, a precursor to problem diagnosis and to assemble the drainage design parameters are included in Chapter 3. The drainage design procedures such as assessment of drainage depth, spacing and capacity of drains forms the subject matter of Chapter 4. While drainage materials are discussed in Chapter 5, drainage construction procedures and methodologies to monitor and evaluate completed projects are included in Chapter 6. Some of the new drainage techniques such as mole, interceptor, vertical and bio-drainage have been included in Chapter 7 since these can either be applied singly or in integration with horizontal subsurface drainage. Chapters 8-10 deal withreclamation of salt affected soils,acid soils and management of saline water. Eco-friendly reuse and disposal of saline drainage wateralso form the subject matter of discussion of Chapter 10. Cost calculations, socio-economic and environmental issues associated with drainage projects have been included in final chapter 11. Glossary of terms has been added for quick overview of the terms used in the book. Clearly, each and every aspect of surface and subsurface drainage for agricultural lands has been covered in the book.Besides covering the principles of land drainage, field practices have been included making the book a handy tool for specialized training programmes on land drainage. It is believed that the book will find its place in the shelves of students and teachers, field functionaries and libraries of state agricultural universitiesand civil engineering colleges.

Modern Land Drainage 2nd edition is a fully revised and updated edition of the 2004 edition. Modern Land Drainage describes traditional drainage formulas (Hooghoudt, Kirkham, Donnan, Ernst, Glover-Dumm) for rainfed agriculture in the humid temperature zone. Significant parts are devoted to drainage for salinity control of irrigated land in (semi-) arid zones, and to drainage of rice land in the humid tropics. Institutional, management and maintenance aspects are extensively covered, as well as the mitigation of adverse impacts of drainage interventions on the environment. The latest computer applications for drainage design in the context of integrated water management are described (DRAINMOD, HEC, SWAP, etc.). Field surveys are executed by governments, with the aid of consultants, but rarely are the end stakeholders (i.e., farmers and general public) involved from inception to planning to execution of a drainage system. Yet, during the Operation, Management and Maintenance (OMM) phase of a water management system, they are expected to takeover, run, bear and be responsible for the costs of OMM. The book describes successful methodologies and processes to be followed for engagement of stakeholders at all levels, from government to farm, from minister to farmer, and, from beginning to end. The book covers all aspects needed for sustainable drainage. The latest survey methodologies with satellites and drones are suggested to assess cause and effect. Waterlogging and salinity are the effect of something caused most likely upstream of the drainage problem location. Hence treating the cause may be more cost-effective. Triple Bottom Line (social, environmental and financial considerations) and the water-food-energy nexus are an integral part of the drainage design process. Controlled drainage, i.e. the balance of removal and conservation of drainage water and minimising solute transport as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA principle) is extensively described. This work is intended for use both as a university level textbook and as a professional handbook; it is of particular value to professionals engaged in drainage development in the context of integrated water resources and river basin management, civil and agricultural engineers, government officials, university students and libraries.