Dynamical Modelling Estimation In Wastewater Treatment Processes

Environmental quality is becoming an increasing concern in our society. In that context, waste and wastewater treatment, and more specifically biological wastewater treatment processes play an important role. In this book, we concentrate on the mathematical modelling of these processes. The main purpose is to provide the increasing number of professionals who are using models to design, optimise and control wastewater treatment processes with the necessary background for their activities of model building, selection and calibration. The book deals specifically with dynamic models because they allow us to describe the behaviour of treatment plants under the highly dynamic conditions that we want them to operate (e.g. Sequencing Batch Reactors) or we have to operate them (e.g. storm conditions, spills). Further extension is provided to new reactor systems for which partial differential equation descriptions are necessary to account for their distributed parameter nature (e.g. settlers, fixed bed reactors). The model building exercise is introduced as a step-wise activity that, in this book, starts from mass balancing principles. In many cases, different hypotheses and their corresponding models can be proposed for a particular process. It is therefore essential to be able to select from these candidate models in an objective manner. To this end, structure characterisation methods are introduced. Important sections of the book deal with the collection of high quality data using optimal experimental design, parameter estimation techniques for calibration and the on-line use of models in state and parameter estimators. Contents Dynamical Modelling Dynamical Mass Balance Model Building and Analysis Structure Characterisation (SC) Structural Identifiability Practical Identifiability and Optimal Experiment Design for Parameter Estimation (OED/PE) Estimation of Model Parameters Recursive State and Parameter Estimation Glossary Nomenclature

Advances in Wastewater Treatment presents a compendium of the key topics surrounding wastewater treatment, assembled by looking at the future technologies, and provides future perspectives in wastewater treatment and modelling. It covers the fundamentals and innovative wastewater treatment processes (such as membrane bioreactors and granular process). Furthermore, it focuses attention on mathematical modelling aspects in the field of wastewater treatments by highlighting the key role of models in process design, operation and control. Other topics include: • Anaerobic digestion • Biological nutrient removal • Instrumentation, control and automation • Computational fluid dynamics in wastewater • IFAS systems • New frontiers in wastewater treatment • Greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment Each topic is addressed by discussing past, present and future trends. Advances in Wastewater Treatment is a valid support for researchers, practitioners and also students to have a frame of the frontiers in wastewater treatment and modelling.

The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Guide to Process Modeling Methods and Protocols Fully revised to cover the latest advances in the field, Wastewater Treatment Process Modeling, Second Edition, explains general modeling concepts and terminology and offers practical details on how to use process models for the design and operation of small, medium, and large water resource recovery facilities. This Water Environment Federation manual describes each step of the modeling process, including the fundamental math required, overviews of existing models and when to use them, modeling protocols, and how to interpret data. The detailed information in this authoritative volume helps to ensure that process models are developed, used, and documented correctly. Coverage includes: History of process modeling Modeling fundamentals Unit process model descriptions Process modeling tools Dedicated experiments and tools Overview of available modeling and simulation protocols Project definition Building a facility model Using models for design, optimization, and control

Mathematical modeling is a useful tool for the design, analysis and control of wastewater treatment systems. The activated sludge process is one of the most common processes used in wastewater treatment, and therefore is a particularly important candidate for the application of mathematical models. In the 1980s, a task group organized by the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ) developed a conceptual model of the activated sludge process, which has become an industry-wide standard for the development of computer-based activated sludge models. A recent version of the IAWQ model incorporates 19 components, 17 processes, and numerous rate and stoichiometric coefficients. It is difficult and costly to quantify all of the necessary coefficients for any given application of the model; consequently, it is important to identify the most critical wastewater and biomass components and the relevant coefficients to be quantified for the most common uses of the model. It is also important to provide guidance to potential model users on the use of default and/or estimated values for the remaining parameters.

Waste Biorefinery: Value Addition through Resources Utilization provides scientific and technical information surrounding the most advanced and innovative processing technologies used for the conversion of biogenic waste to biofuels, energy products and biochemicals. The book covers recent developments and achievements in the field of biochemical, thermo-chemical and hybrid methods and the necessities and potentials generated by different kinds of residual streams, including biomass in presumably more decentralized biorefineries. An assortment of case-studies from developing and developed countries illustrate the topics presented, covering energy, chemicals, fuels, food for animal recovery from different waste matrices, and more. Finally, the advantages and limitations of different technologies are discussed, considering local energy demand, government policies, environmental impacts and education in bioenergy. This book will serve as an excellent resource for science graduates, chemical engineers, environmental engineers, biotechnologists and industrial experts in these areas. Provides information on the most advanced and innovative processes for biomass conversion Covers information on biochemical and thermochemical processes and product developments surrounding the principles of biorefining Presents information on the integration of processes and technologies for the production of biofuels, energy products and biochemicals

Numerical Analysis - Theory and Application is an edited book divided into two parts: Part I devoted to Theory, and Part II dealing with Application. The presented book is focused on introducing theoretical approaches of numerical analysis as well as applications of various numerical methods to either study or solving numerous theoretical and engineering problems. Since a large number of pure theoretical research is proposed as well as a large amount of applications oriented numerical simulation results are given, the book can be useful for both theoretical and applied research aimed on numerical simulations. In addition, in many cases the presented approaches can be applied directly either by theoreticians or engineers.

Environmental protection and resource recovery are two crucial issues facing our society in the 21st century. Anaerobic biotechnology has become widely accepted by the wastewater industry as the better alternative to the more conventional but costly aerobic process and tens of thousands of full-scale facilities using this technology have been installed worldwide in the past two decades. Anaerobic Biotechnology is the sequel to the well-received Environmental Anaerobic Technology: Applications and New Developments (2010) and compiles developments over the past five years. This volume contains contributions from 48 renowned experts from across the world, including Gatze Lettinga, laureate of the 2007 Tyler Prize and the 2009 Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize, and Perry McCarty, whose pioneering work laid the foundations for today's anaerobic biotechnology. This book is ideal for engineers and scientists working in the field, as well as decision-makers on energy and environmental policies. Contents:Fundamentals:Anaerobic Digestion: About Beauty and Consolation (Willy Verstraete and Jo De Vrieze)Syntrophy in Anaerobic Digestion (Yoichi Kamagata)Microbial Community Involved in Anaerobic Purified Terephthalic Acid Treatment Process (Takashi Narihiro, Masaru K Nobu, Ran Mei and Wen-Tso Liu)State-of-the-Art Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) Technology (Xiaoming Ji, Yu-Tzu Huang, Qian Wang, Giin Yu Amy Tan, Jih-Gaw Lin and Po-Heng Lee)Application of Metagenomics in Environmental Anaerobic Technology (Feng Ju, Herbert H P Fang and Tong Zhang)Transformations and Impacts of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide in Anaerobic Reactors (Yu-You Li and Wei Qiao)Modelling Anaerobic Digestion Processes (Damien J Batstone and Jorge Rodríguez)Applications:Microbial Fuel Cells: From Fundamentals to Wastewater Treatment Applications (Ningshengjie Gao, Keaton Larson Lesnik, Hakan Bermek and Hong Liu)Development and Applications of Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor in Japan (Yu-You Li, Takuro Kobayashi and Shinichiro Wakahara)Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Membrane Bioreactor for the Treatment of Domestic Wastewater (Perry L McCarty, Jeonghwan Kim, Chungheon Shin, Po-Heng Lee and Jaeho Bae)Development and Application of Anaerobic Technology for the Treatment of Chemical Effluents in Taiwan (Sheng-Shung Cheng, Teh-Ming Liang, Ryninta Anatrya and Wen-Tso Liu)Anaerobic Sewage Treatment in Latin America (Carlos A L Chernicharo, Jules B Van Lier, Adalberto Noyola and Thiago B Ribeiro)Applications and the Development of Anaerobic Technology in China (K J Wang, C P Wang, A J Wang, H Gong, B C Dong, H Xu, L W Deng and C Li)Challenges Towards Sustainability:Development of Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Waste: From Laboratory, Research and Commercial Farms to A Value-Added New Product (Jason C H Shih)Role of Anaerobic Digestion in Increasing the Energy Efficiency and Energy Output of Sugar Cane Distilleries (Adrianus van Haandel and Jules B van Lier)With AnWT and AnDi Systems Towards a More Sustainable Society (Gatze Lettinga) Readership: Academic research & professionals. Keywords:Anaerobic;Biotechnology;Pollution Control;Resource;Recovery;Wastewater;Waste;Treatment;Digestion;Food;Chemical;Agricultural;Beverage;Biogas;Biofuel;Green Energy;Digestion;Sustainability;Biogas;Hydrogen;Methane;Production;Metagenome;Metagenomics;Modeling;Anammox;UASB;EGSB;Microbial Fuel Cell;MFC;Membrane Bioreactor;MBR;Syntroph;Stoichiometry;Equilibrium;Buffer;Ammonia;Sulfide;Fluidized Bed;Application;Development;Fundamental;Analysis;Development;Technology;Holistic;China;Brazil;Japan;Latin America;Asia;Taiwan;Distillery;Farm;Sugar Cane

The two-volume proceedings, LNCS 6927 and LNCS 6928, constitute the papers presented at the 13th International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory, EUROCAST 2011, held in February 2011 in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. The total of 160 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the books. The contributions are organized in topical sections on concepts and formal tools; software applications; computation and simulation in modelling biological systems; intelligent information processing; heurist problem solving; computer aided systems optimization; model-based system design, simulation, and verification; computer vision and image processing; modelling and control of mechatronic systems; biomimetic software systems; computer-based methods for clinical and academic medicine; modeling and design of complex digital systems; mobile and autonomous transportation systems; traffic behaviour, modelling and optimization; mobile computing platforms and technologies; and engineering systems applications.