El Kharafish

This volume represents a selection of contributions on Mediterranean themes from a wider international interdisciplinary conference on Magical Texts in Ancient Civilizations, organised by the Centre for Comparative Studies of Civilizations at Jagiellonian University in Krakow in Poland between 27-28 June 2013.

In the area of Balat on the eastern Dakhla Oasis the archaeological mission of the French Institute for Oriental Archaelogy has uncovered a large area consisting of various camps dating from the early 4th Dynasty (ca. 2600 BC), which were briefly but intensively occupied. These are understood to have served as residential base camps for some of the indigenous (and not yet fully sedentary) population of the oasis, the so-called Late Sheikh Muftah group. Little is known about this rather enigmatic group, but the excavations at Balat have revealed for the first time a well-preserved intra-site stratigraphy with hitherto unknown dwelling features for Sheikh Muftah contexts. The data gathered here is based on analysis of the features, the material culture and in-depth scientific studies. The new evidence offers not only hints about local crafts, food production and environmental conditions in Balat, but also represents a new contribution to ongoing discussions on subsistence and patterns of mobility of non-sedentary groups in the Western Desert. This has given archaeologists a glimpse of the lifestyle of the Sheikh Muftah group, and also, for the first time, shone a spotlight on daily life in a camp site in the oasis depression. The date of this occupation in the Early Old Kingdom falls into a period when Egyptian Pharaonic presence was just beginning to be evident in archaeoogical data. Cross-cultural contacts between the Balat Sheikh Muftah community and the Egyptian Pharaonic population, both within the oasis and into the Nile Valley are also in evidence and contribute to the discussions on transcultural exchange and assimilation processes in the oasis.

This new volume in the Oasis Papers series marks the 40th anniversary of archaeological fieldwork in the Dakhleh Oasis in Egypt’s Western Desert under the leadership of Anthony J. Mills and presents a synthesis of the current state of our knowledge of the oasis and its interconnections with surrounding regions, especially the Nile Valley. The papers are by distinguished authorities in the field and postgraduate students who specialise in different aspects of Dakhleh and presents an almost complete survey of the archaeology of Dakhleh including much unpublished, original material. It will be one of the few to document a specific part of modern Egypt in such detail and thus should have a broad and lasting appeal. The content of some of the papers is unlikely to be published in any other form elsewhere. Dakhleh is possibly the most intensively examined wider geographic region within Egypt.

Pastoralism has shaped livelihoods and landscapes on the African continent for millennia. Mobile livestock husbandry has generally been portrayed as an economic strategy that successfully met the challenges of low biomass productivity and environmental variability in arid and semi-arid environments. This volume focuses on the emergence, diversity, and inherent dynamics of pastoralism in Africa based on research during a twelve-year period on the southwest and northeast regions. Unraveling the complex prehistory, history, and contemporary political ecology of African pastoralism, results in insight into the ingenuity and flexibility of historical and contemporary herders.

Scholars from Egypt, Germany and the US review and analyze the results of work carried out on the geology of Egypt: geomorphology and evolution of landscape, tectonics, geophysical regime, volcanicity, Precambrian geology, geologic history and paleogeography, paleontology of selected taxa, ore depos