Electrical Discharges In Alternative Transformer Liquids

This book acts as a reference pertaining to electrical discharging behavior in biodegradable insulating liquids and other alternative liquids vis-à-vis traditional mineral oils. The contents of this book are framed in a way to cover the pertinent orbits of discharges in ester liquids, key aspects that need to be understood, and be used as a quick guide to dielectric engineers, utility electrical engineers, and insulation system designers. This book also covers discussions on critical challenges and arguments the knowledge of which will be helpful for engineers in successful operation of the ester-filled transformers. This book also bridges the gap between researchers and utility engineers concerning insulation systems for new insulating liquids.

A comprehensive reference and guide on the usage of the alternative dielectric fluids for transformer insulation systems Liquid-filled transformers are one of the most important and expensive components involved in the transmission and distribution of power to industrial and domestic loads. Although petroleum-based insulating oils have been used in transformers for decades, recent environmental concerns, health and safety considerations, and various technical factors have increased the need for new alternative and biodegradable liquids. Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems is an up-to-date reference and guide on natural and synthetic ester-based biodegradable insulating liquids. Covering the operational behavior, performance analysis, and maintenance of transformers filled with biodegradable insulating liquids, this comprehensive resource helps researchers and utility engineers expand their knowledge of the benefits, challenges, and application of ester-filled transformers. In-depth chapters written by experienced researchers addresses critical topics including transformer condition monitoring, high voltage insulation testing, biodegradable insulating material processing and evaluation, and more. A unique and significant contribution to existing literature on the subject, this authoritative volume: • Covers condition monitoring, diagnostic testing, applications, maintenance, and in-service experiences • Explores current challenges and future prospects of ester-filled transformers • Discusses significant research progress and identifies the topics in need of further emphasis • Compares the differences and similarities between mineral oils and ester liquids • Includes in-depth behavioral observations and performance analysis of ester-based insulating liquids Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems: Performance Analysis and Applications is a must-have reference for utility engineers, electrical power utilities, transformer owners, manufacturers, and researchers.

A comprehensive reference and guide on the usage of the alternative dielectric fluids for transformer insulation systems Liquid-filled transformers are one of the most important and expensive components involved in the transmission and distribution of power to industrial and domestic loads. Although petroleum-based insulating oils have been used in transformers for decades, recent environmental concerns, health and safety considerations, and various technical factors have increased the need for new alternative and biodegradable liquids. Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems is an up-to-date reference and guide on natural and synthetic ester-based biodegradable insulating liquids. Covering the operational behavior, performance analysis, and maintenance of transformers filled with biodegradable insulating liquids, this comprehensive resource helps researchers and utility engineers expand their knowledge of the benefits, challenges, and application of ester-filled transformers. In-depth chapters written by experienced researchers addresses critical topics including transformer condition monitoring, high voltage insulation testing, biodegradable insulating material processing and evaluation, and more. A unique and significant contribution to existing literature on the subject, this authoritative volume: • Covers condition monitoring, diagnostic testing, applications, maintenance, and in-service experiences • Explores current challenges and future prospects of ester-filled transformers • Discusses significant research progress and identifies the topics in need of further emphasis • Compares the differences and similarities between mineral oils and ester liquids • Includes in-depth behavioral observations and performance analysis of ester-based insulating liquids Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems: Performance Analysis and Applications is a must-have reference for utility engineers, electrical power utilities, transformer owners, manufacturers, and researchers.

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Power Transformer Diagnostics, Monitoring and Design Features" that was published in Energies

This book describes the state-of-the-art use of biological insulating liquids in detail. In recent years, more and more transformers filled with esters have been put into operation. This is because people recognize the benefits of ester liquids in terms of their fire safety (high flash and fire points) and environmental characteristics, judging from their biodegradability, their low CO2 footprint (only valid for natural ester) and their beneficial interactions with solid insulation, etc. One of the main reasons is that the water adsorption and absorption characteristics of these liquids are excellent and very different compared to mineral oil. The today’s discussion about climate change and global warming is an additional driver for using natural ester. Another advantage is that transformers filled with biological insulating liquids can operate with an overload of up to 150%. This is advantageous in the case of volatile energy generation from wind and solar power and in the supply of electrical energy for electromobility. Liquid inside electrical equipment is the lifeblood that serves both as a dielectric and a cooling medium. Some properties of these liquids differ from mineral oil, which had to be considered in the transformer design. The dielectric liquid is always in direct contact with transformer materials; therefore, the interaction should be very well understood, especially when retrofilling an existing mineral oil filled device. There are several natural ester fluids derived from various seeds and fruits on the market, and their properties may differ more or less. In the book, the most important properties of the different biological insulating fluids and mineral oil are compared. Ester fluids have already found their way into various standards. The condition of the device can be verified very well from the contents of the insulating liquids. For analysis and testing, the same equipment and devices that are commonly used for mineral oil are used for ester liquid. The chemical and physical behaviors of ester fluids compared to mineral oil are different. This must always be considered when interpreting test results stemming from ester fluids. The book is a guideline for students, original equipment manufacturers, users, laboratories and authorities in the use of biological insulating liquids.

Practical Partial Discharge Measurement on Electrical Equipment Accessible reference dealing with (partial discharge) PD measurement in all types of high voltage equipment using modern digital PD detectors Practical Partial Discharge Measurement on Electrical Equipment is a timely update in the field of partial discharges (PD), covering both holistic concepts and specific modern applications in one volume. The first half of the book educates the reader on what PD is and the general principles of how it is measured and interpreted. The second half of the book is similar to a handbook, with a chapter devoted to PD measurements in each type of high voltage (HV) equipment. These chapters contain specific information of the insulation system design, causes of PD in that equipment, off-line and on-line measurement methods, interpretation methods, and relevant standards. The work is authored by four well-known experts in the field of PD measurement who have published hundreds of technical papers on the subject and performed thousands of PD measurements on all the different types of HV equipment covered in the book. The authors have also had relationships with PD detector manufacturers, giving them key insights into test instruments and practical measurements. Sample topics covered in the work include: Physics of PD, discharge phenomena (contact sparking and vibration sparking), and an introduction to PD measurement (electrical, optical, acoustic, and chemical) Electrical PD detection (types of sensors), RF PD detection (antenna, TEV), and PD instrumentation and display Off-line and on-line PD measurements, general principles of PD interpretation, and laboratory PD testing of lumped test objects PD in different types of HV equipment (power cables, power transformers, air insulated metal-clad switchgear, rotating machines, gas-insulated switchgear, and more) For HV equipment OEMs, users of HV equipment, or employees of companies that provide PD testing services to clients, Practical Partial Discharge Measurement on Electrical Equipment is an essential reference to help understand general concepts about the topic and receive expert guidance during specific practical applications.

This book provides a concise introduction to the physical foundations of the electro-discharge technology and applies it to the drilling of wells, the demolition of reinforced concrete objects, and the cutting of cracks in rocks and concrete. The electro-physical basis of this technology and the technical implementation of using spark discharge as a “working tool” in the above-mentioned contexts are also briefly considered. The book is intended for all scientists and experts working in the field of resource exploration and extraction, those engaged in building new objects, and in reconstructing or demolishing old ones. It can also be used as a textbook by students and postgraduates, deepening their knowledge of these innovative technologies.

This book presents select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles (AREEV 2022). The topics covered include renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, energy storage systems, power system protection & security, smart grid, and wide bandgap semiconductor technologies. The book also discusses applications of signal processing, artificial neural networks, optimal and robust control systems, and modeling and simulation of power electronic converters. The book is a valuable reference for academics and professionals interested in power systems, renewable energy, and electric vehicles.