Electrolytes

A comprehensive overview of the main characterization techniques of polymer electrolytes and their applications in electrochemical devices Polymer Electrolytes is a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the characterization and applications of polymer electrolytes. The authors ? noted experts on the topic ? discuss the various characterization methods, including impedance spectroscopy and thermal characterization. The authors also provide information on the myriad applications of polymer electrolytes in electrochemical devices, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells and electrochromic windows. Over the past three decades, researchers have been developing new polymer electrolytes and assessed their application potential in electrochemical and electrical power generation, storage, and conversion systems. As a result, many new polymer electrolytes have been found, characterized, and applied in electrochemical and electrical devices. This important book: -Reviews polymer electrolytes, a key component in electrochemical power sources, and thus benefits scientists in both academia and industry -Provides an interdisciplinary resource spanning electrochemistry, physical chemistry, and energy applications -Contains detailed and comprehensive information on characterization and applications of polymer electrolytes Written for materials scientists, physical chemists, solid state chemists, electrochemists, and chemists in industry professions, Polymer Electrolytes is an essential resource that explores the key characterization techniques of polymer electrolytes and reveals how they are applied in electrochemical devices.

This book highlights the state of the art in solid electrolytes, with particular emphasis on lithium garnets, electrolyte-electrode interfaces and all-solid-state batteries based on lithium garnets. Written by an international group of renowned experts, the book addresses how garnet-type solid electrolytes are contributing to the development of safe high energy density Li batteries. Unlike the flammable organic liquid electrolyte used in existing rechargeable Li batteries, garnet-type solid electrolytes are intrinsically chemically stable in contact with metallic lithium and potential positive electrodes, while offering reasonable Li conductivity. The book's respective chapters cover a broad spectrum of topics related to solid electrolytes, including interfacial engineering to resolve the electrolyte-electrode interfaces, the latest developments in the processing of thin and ultrathin lithium garnet membranes, and fabrication strategies for the high-performance solid-state batteries.This highly informative and intriguing book will appeal to postgraduate students and researchers at academic and industrial laboratories with an interest in the advancement of high energy-density lithium metal batteries

Polymer electrolytes are electrolytic materials that are widely used in batteries, fuel cells and other applications such as supercapacitors, photoelectrochemical and electrochromic devices. Polymer electrolytes: Fundamentals and applications provides an important review of this class of ionic conductors, their properties and applications.Part one reviews the various types of polymer electrolyte compounds, with chapters on ceramic polymer electrolytes, natural polymer-based polymer electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes, lithium-doped hybrid polymer electrolytes, hybrid inorganic-organic polymer electrolytes. There are also chapters on ways of characterising and modelling polymer electrolytes. Part two discusses applications such as solar cells, supercapacitors, electrochromic and electrochemical devices, fuel cells and batteries.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Polymer electrolytes: Fundamentals and applications is a standard reference for all those researching and using polymer electrolytes in such areas as battery and fuel cell technology for automotive and other applications. Provides an important review of this class of ionic conductors, their properties and applications in practical devices Explores categories of polymer electrolytes and conductivity measurements Features a comprehensive analysis of current developments in polymer electrolytes and highlights a new type of polymer electrolyte

The aim of this book is to provide the reader with a modern presentation of ionic solutions at interfaces, for physical chemists, chemists and theoretically oriented experimentalists in this field. The discussion is mainly on the structural and thermodynamic properties, in relation to presently available statistical mechanical models. Some dynamic properties are also presented, at a more phenomenological level. The initial chapters are devoted to the presentation of some basic concepts for bulk properties: hydrodynamic interactions, electrostatics, van der Waals forces and thermodynamics of ionic solutions in the framework of a particular model: the mean spherical approximation (MSA). Specific features of interfaces are then discussed: experimental techniques such as in-situ X-ray diffraction, STM and AFM microscopy are described. Ions at liquid/air, liquid/metal and liquid/liquid interfaces are considered from the experimental and theoretical viewpoint. Lastly some dynamic (transport) properties are included, namely the self-diffusion and conductance of small colloids (polyelectrolytes and micelles) and the kinetics of solute transfer at free liquid/liquid interfaces.

Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.

Fluids and Electrolytes There is no doubt, fluid maintenance remains one of the main foundations of medicine. Fluids are deemed as being the most essential substance of life. Around 60% of our body is made up of water, and this serves as a medium for transport of both nutrients and waste products. The electrolytes contained within the body water are responsible for the body's most basic functions, such as nerve function, and functioning of voluntary and involuntary muscles, activating enzymes, and release of hormones. Maintenance of these components in a constant balance is essential, because the entire metabolic process of the body depends on these components. Fluids and electrolytes are not static, but interact continuously with each other, and with other components of the body. It is essential to understand these interactions, and the role they play in maintenance of health. Imbalances in these substances within the body are responsible for some of the most significant medical conditions and disorders. Any patient, who has presented with a fairly serious medical illness, is bound to have some kind of imbalance in the fluid-electrolyte levels. All patients in intensive care units are routinely screened for such imbalances. Thus, it is apparent that a medical professional needs to have a firm grasp of the fundamentals of electrolytes, fluids and acid-base balance in the body, so that effective treatment can be carried out. This subject is often confusing for both the beginner medical student and the day to day medical practitioner. However, once the underlying basic concepts of fluids and electrolytes are grasped, it becomes easy to recognize imbalances in these systems, and it follows that treatment becomes easier and more planned. In this book, we will discuss the regulation of fluids, electrolytes, and the acid-base system, and how these factors are interconnected. When there is an imbalance in one of these electrolytes, the others are usually affected. Similarly, electrolyte imbalances can arise from, or be a result of, acid-base disorders. We will also discuss the signs and symptoms of various imbalances, and touch upon the management modalities for these imbalances. Common medical conditions where there are massive imbalances are described in the last chapter. There are summaries at the end of each chapter, that help you quickly glance through essential information. Lastly, this book tests what you have learned with post chapter tests.

Now in its third edition, this informative and indispensable reference reviews fundamental information about fluids, electrolytes, and acid-based balance; identifies electrolyte fluid, acid, and base imbalances; describes imbalances in major health problems, and more in an easy-to-understand format.