Ellora Caves Sculptures And Architecture

Papers and proceedings of the National Seminar on Ellora Caves Sculpture and Architecture, held at Ellora Caves, November 18, 1985.

The Cave Temples of Ellora, 30 KMS, from Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state, India, is a heritage site for the World and a priced jewel of Indian Civilization, as at Ellora, one witnesses the harmonious co-existence of three major religions of the modern secular India, the Hinduism, the Buddhism and the Jainism. Like Ajanta Caves, Ellora was never discovered. It was always open for visit throughout the ancient and medieval ages. Even though the architectural activities here began in 5th Century A.D., it was only with the rise of the Chalukya-Rashtrakuta rulers in 7th Century to 10th Century A.D. that art and architecture blossomed at Ellora. The Hindu Rulers in ancient times were governed by certain religious injunctions and ethical codes which promoted them to donate the funds to the temple building as the same was considered essential for attainment of worldly power and spiritual salvation. The artists at Ellora were quick to respond to the urges and demands of their society. They rose to height of their creative dynamism. They acted out of passion and feelings, faith and sensibility. They drew themes from the mythology and then transformed the rock into a cavalcade of Gods and Goddesses. While doing so, they judiciously portrayed the feelings of compassion, emotions and the fury. The temple of Kailasa is an illustration of one of those rare occasions when men's mind, heart and hand, worked in unison to build this feat. The rocks cut monuments at Ellora, essentially represent the climax of the process of cutting shrine in direct rock and fashion them into the places of worship and residence embellished with beautiful and imposing sculptural and pictorial images. This practice started by Buddhism thousands of years ago, was eventually adopted by Hinduism and Jainism.The monuments [34 caves] are numbered in a continuous sequence. Buddhist monuments (Caves 1-12) occupy the southernmost part of the site, while Hindu monuments (Caves 13-29) are located in the middle and towards the north are a small number of five Jain excavations (Caves 30-34]. The infinite lithic representations at Ellora coordinate into the greatest concentration of the sculpture, wrought at a single site, in diverse styles that art history has ever witnessed. All the aspects related to daily life, Gods and goddesses, myths and rituals related to all the three dominant religions, are exhibited in Ellora through architecture and sculptures. In most of the caves, however, the focal points are centered round the figures of divinities - Buddha, Shiva and Jain Thirthankaras. Music, dancing and erotic plays of all the carved and painted creatures turn to the central figures of divinity. Gods and demi-gods, flying nymphs, musicians, kinnaras, dwarfs, makara, elephants, bulls, lion, peacocks or aquatic creatures- whether they are in the main hall, on the roofs and walls, in the side chambers, in porches, in balconies, in galleries, whether they are standing or flying, the entire attention of visitors and devotees is attracted to them and the divinities they surround by- Buddha, Shiva or Tirthankaras.

- There are few books on this subject - Features stunning photographs Thirty-four places of worship (temples, monasteries, and shrines) were carved out of the rock between the fifth and tenth centuries over an area of around two square kilometres. All the sculpture at the site is testimony to the superb skill and sheer determination of the workforce involved, as well as being evidence of the religious harmony of the time. The monuments include all sorts of architectural and decorative features that display the utmost splendor and inventiveness: columns, staircases, reliefs, stuccos, and even surviving patches of painted decoration. In the past, the extraordinary work at the site has unfortunately been eclipsed by the exceptional nature of its surroundings. The architecture and sculpture are often immersed in darkness and this has made it impossible to create the kind of photographic record that would give their stunning quality the visibility it deserves. But now Iago Corazza, with his ultra-sensitive photographic equipment, is able at last to give lovers of Indian art and enthusiasts the chance to fully appreciate this wonderful, indeed unique, group of rock-cut temples. The task of explaining the meaning and significance of these works as they emerge from the dark is entrusted to the expertise of Gilles Béguin. Following the success of Khajuraho, readers have the chance to explore another treasure of Indian art accompanied by a distinguished guide, with the benefit of photos that at last do their marvelous subjects full justice.

Drawing on art historical, epigraphical, and textual evidence, this book is the first full-scale reconstruction of medieval Jain activities at Ellora. It not only highlights the understudied Jain caves, but examines them in concert with Ellora's Hindu and Buddhist monuments.

In between the 1960s and 80s Ajanta and Ellora drew the attention of many scholars, historians and researchers who explored these caves, evaluated and analyzed them, and not only wrote research papers but also books. However there were more books as well as article published on Ajanta compared to Ellora. From the 1980s to nearly 2000 and a little later the number of scholars, researchers working on these caves swindled, though a few continued to be loyal and committed to Ajanata. These later books concentrated on studies related certain theories of time span, historical perspective, an exhaustive comparative study. These were all serious studies little comprehended by the common readers. Hence the present book is mainly written with the objective of presenting a descriptive study of both Ajanta and Ellora as well as in depth study f textiles, jewellery of Ajanta etc. for the general reader audience who desire to understand details of sculptures, painting and architecture to understand details of sculptures, painting and architecture. The script is also supported by line drawings and photographs, ground plans and maps to offer a more graphic perception and appreciation of the caves. This book will serve a crore section of society who will definitely enjoy the visual commentary on these renowned cave temples. Both these world heritage sites have also the added advantage of financial aid by the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JBICA) that has supported the development, landscaping and beautification of these monuments. For the tourists all facilities, amenities and services are provided. The book also takes note of these developments.