Epidemiology Diagnosis And Control Of Poultry Parasites

Given the current worsening of the African swine fever situation worldwide, this field manual will be aimed to assist veterinarians in the prompt recognition and detection of the disease and the immediate control steps at farm level.

The study results indicated a high prevalence (>99%) of nematode infections with the most prevalent species beingthe caecal worm Heterakis gallinarum (98.5%), followed by the roundworm Ascaridiagalli(96.2%) and the hairworms Capillaria spp. (86.1%). Capillaria spp. were composed of C. obsignata, C. caudinflataand C. bursata. It can be concluded that chickens kept in free-range systems are exposed to a higher risk of nematode infections, even if the animals are kept in a rotational system and/or in small herd sizes. However, no obvious link between high mortality rates and nematode infections could be determined. The high genetic correlation between counts of closely related worm species (e.g., A. galliand H. gallinarum) may indicate the existence of similar/same genetically determined mechanism(s) for controlling these nematodesin chickens. High heritabilities for total worm burden suggest that it is feasible to select hens for nematode resistance. Nematode egg excretion in both naturally occurring and experimental infections follows repeatable diurnal fluctuations which may indicate adaptive strategies of the nematodes to both internal and external environmental factors. Since the analytic sensitivity of egg counts suffers from low faecal egg concentrations, results from the present study suggests that faeces samples taken during daytime hours have a higher diagnostic value.

Every sector of the livestock industry, the associated services and the wellbeing of both animals and humans are influenced by animal feeding. The availability of accurate, reliable and reproducible analytical data is imperative for proper feed formulation. Only reliable analysis can lead to the generation of sound scientific data. This document gives a comprehensive account of good laboratory practices, quality assurance procedures and examples of standard operating procedures as used in individual specialist laboratories. The adoption of these practices and procedures will assist laboratories in acquiring the recognition of competence required for certification or accreditation and will also enhance the quality of the data reported by feed analysis laboratories. In addition, ensuring good laboratory practices presented in the document will enhance the safety of the laboratory workers. The document will be useful for laboratory analysts, laboratory managers, research students and teachers and it is hoped that it will enable workers in animal industry, including the aquaculture industry, to appreciate the importance of proven reliable data and the associated quality assurance approaches. An additional effect of implementing and adopting these approaches will be strengthening of the research and education capabilities of students graduating from R&D institutions and promotion of a better trading environment between developing and developed economies. This will have long-term benefits and will promote investment in both feed industries and R&D institutions.

The benefit of an adequate framework for the management of animal health emergency operations has been repeatedly shown over the years, highlighting a need to build and upgrade capabilities to effectively and efficiently manage animal health emergency operations at all levels. This need can begin to be met through the guidance provided in this manual. Equipped with practical examples, samples and guidelines, this manual supports countries and relevant local, national, regional and international organizations as they prepare for and manage operations during an animal health emergency. The manual is designed to be used in line with the 'Good Emergency Management Practice: The Essentials' manual, applying Good Emergency Management Practice (GEMP) principles and a One Health approach, and providing a global view of how to act during the peacetime and emergency phases of animal health events. This global manual is presented in such a way that veterinary services and relevel local authorities in countries around the world can use the information therein as guidance to create or adapt their own systems, and build a customized emergency operations management manual.

Animal health emergencies are evolving, but they remain among the most challenging situations a country can confront. Infectious diseases and other threats have increasing potential to spread rapidly within a country or around the world due to growing populations, concentration of animal populations and market intensification, human and animal movement, and global trade. This international GEMP Essentials guide is meant to support the advancement of key components of emergency management as countries continue efforts to work and prepare together. It sets out in a systematic way the elements required to achieve an appropriate level of preparedness and proposes an approach to animal health emergency management inclusive of all type of events, be they caused by natural phenomenon, including not infectious events, or by accidental or deliberate human action. The guide also includes the One Health approach.

The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 strain has spread from domestic poultry to a large number of species of free-ranging wild birds, including non-migratory birds and migratory birds that can travel thousands of kilometers each year. The regular contact and interaction between poultry and wild birds has increased the urgency of understanding wild bird diseases and the transmission mechanisms that exist between the poultry and wild bird sectors, with a particular emphasis on avian influenza. Monitoring techniques, surveillance, habitat use and migration patterns are all important aspects of wildlife and disease ecology that need to be better understood to gain insights into disease transmission between these sectors. This manual contains chapters on the basic ecology of avian influenza and wild birds, capture and marking techniques (ringing, color marking and satellite telemetry), disease sampling procedures, and field survey and monitoring procedures.--Publisher's description.