Ergonomics And Psychology

Written by leaders in their respective fields, Ergonomics and Psychology discusses recent advancements in psychology and addresses their applications in practice through ergonomics. The book describes the basic ideas that underpin the most successfully applied approaches in ergonomics, psychology, training, education, and more. It explores t

And Applications To The Human-Computer Interface Michael E. Fotta AT&T Communications 16th FIr. Atrium II, Cincinnati, OH 45202 Artificial intelligence (AI) programs represent knowledge in a fashion similar to human knowledge and the activities of an AI system are closer to human behavior than that of traditional systems. Thus, AI enables the computer to act more like a human instead of making the human think and act more like a computer. This capability combined with applying human factors concepts to the interface can greatly improve the human-computer interface. This paper provides an intro duction to artificial intelligence and then proposes a number of methods for using AI to improve the human-machine inter action. AN INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Definition There are many definitions of artificial intelligence (AI) running from the very general to the very detailed. Perhaps the most well accepted general definition is that by Elaine Rich: "Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better", (Rich, 1983). A good example of a detailed definition is provided by the Brattle Research Corporation; "In simplified terms, artificial intelligence works with pattern matching methods which attempt to describe objects, events or pro cesses in terms of their qualitative features and logical and compu tational relationships," (Mishkoff, 1985).

Ergonomics is a multi-disciplinary activity concerned mainly with people at work, but also with other human purposeful activities such as war, sport, games and leisure. The objective of ergonomics is to make these activities more effective and safer by applying established principles of anatomy, physiology and psychology.

This is a comprehensive, but accessible text that introduces students to the fields of human factors and ergonomics. The book is intended for undergraduate students, written from the psychological science perspective along with various pedagogical components that will enhance student comprehension and learning. This book is ideal for those introductory courses that wish to introduce students to the multifaceted areas of human factors and ergonomics along with practical knowledge the students can apply in their own lives.

This text describes the dynamics of the structures and strategies of human behaviour, perceptions, thinking, work skills and creativity. It also describes the dynamics of human-machine-environment systems, management, education and technological processes. It contributes to the understanding of how one can enhance human abilities to respond appropriately to the demands imposed by the ever-increasing pace of change and technological and societal complexities. The study of transformations and learning how to respond to changes is of paramount interest in today's dynamic world. Rapid adaptation of managment structures and absorption of new technologies has become a prerequisite for social and economic survival.

This collection of papers illustrates how concepts, theories and techniques from experimental psychology can be applied in the domain of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). An experimental psychological basis for cognitive ergonomics is presented, built on a foundation of theoretical and experimental research. In addition, various issues in cognitive ergonomics are closely examined, including performance in specific interactive tasks - such as computer programming and program debugging. Other subject areas covered include database interrogation, text editing and graphics design.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, EPCE 2018, held as part of the 20th International Conference, HCI International 2018, which took place in Las Vegas, Nevada, in July 2018. The total of 1171 papers and 160 posters included in the 30 HCII 2018 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 4346 submissions. EPCE 2018 includes a total of 57 papers; they were organized in topical sections named: mental workload and human error; situation awareness, training and team working; psychophysiological measures and assessment; interaction, cognition and emotion; and cognition in aviation and space.