Etiology And Integrated Management Of Economically Important Fungal Diseases Of Ornamental Palms

Palms are monocots, Angiosperms, belonging to the family Palmae (Arecaceae), perennials having woody stems. Palmae (Arecaceae) family comprised of about six subfamilies, 200 genera and 2,700 species that are distributed all over the tropical, subtropical and Mediterranean landscape. Palms are diverse (ecologically and morphologically) group of plants. Ornamental palms are important component of landscape as well as interiorscapes. Additionally, these plants are good source of food, feed and shelter with numerous other commercial benefits. Likewise other trees and crops, landscape and field nurseries of palms are also subjected to various threats of insect pest and diseases (caused by different plant pathogens). Amongst fungal diseases leaf spots, leaf blights, Fusarium wilts, butt rots, bud rots, root rots, lethal yellowing and decline of palms are major growth constraints of palm growth. In developing countries very little attention has been paid on the etiology and management of these fungal diseases on ornamental palms. Accurate diagnosis and reliable management plan of palm fungal diseases usually requires expertise in both modern and advanced plant pathological approaches. Historically it was general belief that plant pathogens are not associated with human diseases. Since 19th century, several clinical reports are available indicating many plant pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., Trichoderma spp., Fusarium spp., Curvularia spp. and Colletotrichum Spp) as novel agents of human diseases. Besides the association of fungal plant pathogens infecting ornamental palms, harbouring any of earlier mentioned or other fungal species (capable of causing certain diseases in human beings or pets) by the ornamental palms cultivation (either grown indoor or outdoor) is an important area of research to be explored and addressed thoroughly. This book will provide the deep information regarding major fungal diseases of ornamental palms, their symptoms, disease identification, and etiology and management strategies. This book will also provide unique knowledge regarding the ornamental palms harbouring kinds of human fungal pathogens and their practical management at domestic and commercial scale, in order to make cultivation of these plant more beneficial for humans, animals and environment.

This edited book provides the readers with the concepts and in-depth knowledge of plant disease assessment and conventional and modern technologies that aid in precise and accurate phytomathometery. This book discusses the evolution of plant disease assessment procedures from the primary visual estimation-based assessment to modern approaches, their practical application for reliable disease quantification, yield loss estimation, and the efficacy of disease control strategies for sustainable crop protection. Significant information is provided on the major aspects of the topic, including remote sensing, imaging techniques, molecular phytopathometery, microarray, and immunotechnology. The book helps plant scientists, plant pathologists, practitioners, researchers, and students in disease quantification, developing predictive models for plant disease epidemics, assessing crop losses, and the magnitude of plant disease control methods. This book describes the classical plant disease assessment methods based on visual observations. It Provides information regarding the modern and emerging technologies in Phytopathometery, precision, and accuracy. This book also discusses the application of disease assessments in predictive models, disease warning systems, expert systems, and decision support systems in applied plant pathology.

Handbook of Major Palm Pests: Biology and Management contains the most comprehensive and up-to-date information on the red palm weevil and the palm borer moth, two newly emergent invasive palm pests which are adversely affecting palm trees around the world. It provides state-of-the-art scientific information on the ecology, biology, and management of palm pests from a global group of experts in the field. An essential compendium for anyone working with or studying palms, it is dedicated to the detection, eradication, and containment of these invasive species, which threaten the health and very existence of global palm crops.

Shows the diseases and disorders of the ornamental palm.

The Compendium of Ornamental Palm Diseases and Disorders provides current information on diseases and disorders affecting palms during nursery production and later in the landscape. With the help of 237 color images, detailed descriptions, and treatment methods, readers will learn to visually identify and treat diseases and disorders that affect the health and beauty of these important ornamental plants. Palms lose their beauty, and sometimes die, for numerous reasons - not all caused by diseases. The goal of this work is to help readers separate, for example, leaf spots caused by a disease vs. leaf spots caused by a nutritional deficiency; death caused by a bud rot vs. death caused by lightning; or leaf shredding caused by a disease vs. leaf shredding caused by wind. The ability to determine the cause is critical to selecting successful control measures, which can vastly vary. New to the Compendium of Plant Disease Series, this is a thorough revision of a bestselling palm disease guide first published in 1991 by APS PRESS. This ambitious new treatment of an economically important host is presented in the popular APS Compendium format with new high quality photographs, up-to-date diagnostic and treatment information, and references provided for each topic. An introduction on palm morphology and biology are added in addition to new diseases and enhanced detail. Readers will find data on distribution of pathogens within the United States and worldwide, descriptions of laboratory techniques including information on pathogen isolation and maintenance techniques, a list of potential hosts for each pathogen, and step-by-step treatment methods for diseases and disorders.This book is applicable to any geographic location where palms are grown, whether indoors or outdoors, and will be valuable for a wide range of readers, including nursery growers, extension professionals, plant pathologists, horticulturists, landscape professionals, diagnosticians, arborists, landscape consultants, landscape architects, botanical garden professionals, palm researchers, and palm hobbyists.

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Forest Pathology and Plant Health" that was published in Forests

Edible insects have always been a part of human diets, but in some societies there remains a degree of disdain and disgust for their consumption. Although the majority of consumed insects are gathered in forest habitats, mass-rearing systems are being developed in many countries. Insects offer a significant opportunity to merge traditional knowledge and modern science to improve human food security worldwide. This publication describes the contribution of insects to food security and examines future prospects for raising insects at a commercial scale to improve food and feed production, diversify diets, and support livelihoods in both developing and developed countries. It shows the many traditional and potential new uses of insects for direct human consumption and the opportunities for and constraints to farming them for food and feed. It examines the body of research on issues such as insect nutrition and food safety, the use of insects as animal feed, and the processing and preservation of insects and their products. It highlights the need to develop a regulatory framework to govern the use of insects for food security. And it presents case studies and examples from around the world. Edible insects are a promising alternative to the conventional production of meat, either for direct human consumption or for indirect use as feedstock. To fully realise this potential, much work needs to be done by a wide range of stakeholders. This publication will boost awareness of the many valuable roles that insects play in sustaining nature and human life, and it will stimulate debate on the expansion of the use of insects as food and feed.

This work describes each of the 100 species of chamaedorea palms in detail and illustrates the diversity in the genus with over 550 color photographs. These palms are highly ornamental and among the most popular in the world. Chapters cover culture, conservation, distribution and ecology, economic uses, history, hybrids, morphology, and background information.