Expanding Opportunities For Women Entrepreneurs

Expanding opportunities for women entrepreneurs : the future of women's small business programs : hearing before the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, September 20, 2007.

Expanding opportunities for women entrepreneurs: the future of women's small business programs: hearing before the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, September 20, 2007.

This book brings together new household and enterprise data from 41 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to inform policy makers and practitioners on ways to expand women entrepreneurs’ economic opportunities. Sub-Saharan Africa boasts the highest share of women entrepreneurs, but they are disproportionately concentrated among the self-employed rather than employers. Relative to men, women are pursuing lower opportunity activities, with their enterprises more likely to be smaller, informal, and in low value-added lines of business. The challenge in expanding opportunities is not helping more women become entrepreneurs but enabling them to shift to higher return activities. A central question addressed in the book is what explains the gender sorting in the types of enterprises that women and men run? The analysis shows that many Sub-Saharan countries present a challenging environment for women. Four key areas of the agenda for expanding women’s economic opportunities in Africa are analyzed: strengthening women’s property rights and their ability to control assets; improving women’s access to finance; building human capital in business skills and networks; and strengthening women’s voices in business environment reform. These areas are important both because they have wide gender gaps and because they help explain gender differences in entrepreneurial activities. It is particularly striking that while gender gaps in education tend to close with higher incomes, gaps in women’s property rights and in women’s participation in reform processes do not. As simply raising a country’s income is unlikely to be sufficient to give women equal ability to control assets or have greater voice, more proactive steps will be needed. Practical guidelines to move the agenda forward are discussed for each of these key areas.

Women's entrepreneurship research and the understanding of factors influencing the growth of women-owned business advanced significantly over the last decade. Yet, challenges remain. Women Entrepreneurs and the Global Environment for Growth provides wide-ranging insights on the challenges women entrepreneurs face growing their businesses and how these may be addressed. This volume is rooted in research and considers growth challenges both contextually and firm specific, provoking current thought and enriching the current literature on gender and entrepreneurship. Part one highlights how contextual factors, and especially social and familial settings of entrepreneurs, have a differential impact on men and women. Part two examines strategies, constraints and enablers of growth and performance. The authors aptly demonstrate that a well-focused gender lens is necessary to better explain the phenomenon of women's entrepreneurship. Extending previous studies about women's entrepreneurship, this volume is unique in its application of research from the Diana Project, a path breaking initiative dating from 1999 to study female entrepreneurial success. Contributions from an international cast of authors make this a comprehensive and broadly appealing reference work.

Traditionally, entrepreneurship has been a male-dominated chase however several of today's most impressive and rousing entrepreneurs are women. Women have broken down the glass ceiling of the traditional thought long prevailing in world and have emerged as successful entrepreneurs. Many factors like urbanization, technical progress, women education, etc., have profoundly changed these traditional conditions even in a developing country like, India. These days India has been the depiction of women in the top echelons of banking and financial services and many more sectors and even has emerged as powerful entrepreneurs. Women in India have already started to follow the direction that the women of the western world took more than eighty years ago. Women are increasingly becoming conscious of their existence, their rights & their work situations Women entrepreneurs are defined by Government of India as an enterprise owned and controlled by a woman having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of employment generated in the enterprise to women. An estimation made by a daily newspaper revealed the fact that women entrepreneurs presently comprise about 10% of the total number of entrepreneurs in India, with the percentage increasing every year. If the current trends persist, it is possible that in another five years, women will comprise 20% of the entrepreneurial force. The present book has made an attempt to present some of the very successful business profiles taken by women entrepreneurs. This book tries to contribute to the emerging leadership of women entrepreneur and contains number of project profiles suitable for women entrepreneurs. Projects covered in this book start from conventional projects that are pickles, murabbas, squashes, spices, soya bean bariyan, pan masala, readymade garments, socks knitting to some project with which many women are not very familiar while others have managed to carve a niche for themselves with this project. These are: Corrugated Sheet Board and Boxes, Canning and Preservation of Fruit and Vegetables, Printed Circuit Boards, Surgical Bandages, Agarbatti Industry, Fast Food Parlour and many more. The book also aims to empower those entire new women entrepreneur thinking to bring a change. Women entrepreneur should explore the prospects of starting a new enterprise; undertake risks, introduction of new innovations, coordinate administration & control of business & providing effective leadership in all aspects of business. The book contains some very easy profiles that can be taken up normally if properly understood. The book is an attempt to provide a proper understand.

One of the strengths of this book lies in the admirable literature reviews throughout the volume. The authors reviews vast amounts of literature on women entrepreneurs, and more specifically, studies involving women minority entrepreneurs. The nature of this task should not be underestimated, given the ever-expanding academic field of entrepreneurship and women s entrepreneurship in particular. I read this book as an academic, and would argue that it is of most use for academics (students and professors), and provides an up-to-date and well-researched portrait of women entrepreneurs in the USA and beyond. . . this book fills an important gap in the literature, not only because there is a growing population of women entrepreneurs, but also because of the growing number of minority women entering entrepreneurship. Jodyanne Kirkwood, Women in Management Review This book serves an important purpose. It draws attention to the need for further research on ethnic minority women entrepreneurs. Anne de Bruin, International Small Business Journal This monograph provides a very comprehensive study of women entrepreneurs in the US and in many industrialized and developing countries. . . Recommended. General readers; all levels of students; faculty and professionals. E.P. Hoffman, Choice In this book Andrea E. Smith-Hunter interweaves quantitative findings with qualitative depth, resulting in an informative and objective report of explanatory variables, differences and similarities among women entrepreneurs from unlike racial backgrounds. Among others, she develops models of human capital dimensions, network structures, and entrepreneurial success. Léo-Paul Dana, Journal of International Entrepreneurship Women entrepreneurs command an increasingly large presence at the international and national levels. A significant part of this impact is due to growing numbers of minority women becoming entrepreneurs. This volume provides some of the most comprehensive data to date on the topic of women entrepreneurs across racial lines. It offers a systematic and conceptual framework for understanding issues of network structures and human and financial capital, analyzed through a comparative analysis of minority and white women entrepreneurs. The book begins by looking at the historical and current contributions of women in the labor market, as well as literature related to women entrepreneurs. Subsequent chapters take a critical and in-depth look at white and minority entrepreneurs. Later chapters examine the status of women entrepreneurs in the US, followed by various analyses of their position in the global marketplace. The book concludes with a set of action tools to aid women entrepreneurs as they navigate the road to economic success. Through a well-chosen sample, rich analysis and insightful accounts, Andrea E. Smith-Hunter compellingly details the challenges and opportunities faced by women entrepreneurs in today s marketplace. Government agencies, researchers, entrepreneurs and those involved with the financial aspects of entrepreneurial ventures will find this volume of great interest.