Experimental Methods In Polymer Chemistry

Successful characterization of polymer systems is one of the most important objectives of today's experimental research of polymers. Considering the tremendous scientific, technological, and economic importance of polymeric materials, not only for today's applications but for the industry of the 21st century, it is impossible to overestimate the usefulness of experimental techniques in this field. Since the chemical, pharmaceutical, medical, and agricultural industries, as well as many others, depend on this progress to an enormous degree, it is critical to be as efficient, precise, and cost-effective in our empirical understanding of the performance of polymer systems as possible. This presupposes our proficiency with, and understanding of, the most widely used experimental methods and techniques.This book is designed to fulfill the requirements of scientists and engineers who wish to be able to carry out experimental research in polymers using modern methods. Each chapter describes the principle of the respective method, as well as the detailed procedures of experiments with examples of actual applications. Thus, readers will be able to apply the concepts as described in the book to their own experiments. Addresses the most important practical techniques for experimental research in the growing field of polymer science The first well-documented presentation of the experimental methods in one consolidated source Covers principles, practical techniques, and actual examples Can be used as a handbook or lab manual for both students and researchers Presents ideas and methods from an international perspective Techniques addressed in this volume include: Light Scattering Neutron Scattering and X-Ray Scattering Fluorescence Spectroscopy NMR on Polymers Rheology Gel Experiments

This book starts with a very brief description on polymers, nanomaterials and polymer nanocomposites including their characterization, analysis, testing and processing. This book is aimed towards both experienced students as well as to the beginner student who wishes to peruse research work in the field. Therefore, this is the first book of its kind on the subject. Furthermore, the students in the fields of chemical science and engineering, materials science and engineering, chemical technology, environmental science and engineering, biochemical engineering, biotechnology, etc. can use it as a valuable and useful book on experimental work in the field. The book covers basic concepts and experiments on the preparation, characterization, properties, processing and applications of polymers, nanomaterials and their nanocomposites. Chapter One deals with the fundamentals of concept, classifications, materials, methods, characterization, processing, testing and applications of such materials. The second chapter tries to cover the preparative methods on raw materials for polymers and nanomaterials. From Chapter Three to Chapter Seven, preparative methods for different types of polymers including addition, condensation, rearrangement, resin and specialty polymers are described. The experiments on nanomaterials and polymer nanocomposites are presented in details in Chapter Eight. Chapters Nine and Ten demonstrate mainly the experiments on characterization and analysis, and processing and testing of polymeric materials including nanocomposites. The last, i.e. eleventh chapter deals with the experiments on different applications of polymers, nanomaterials and their nanocomposites. At the end of each chapter, a few simple but provoking questions are given as exercise in this book for self-understanding to the learners. References are cited at the end of each chapter to help the learner on the topic.

This Laboratory Manual contains detailed descriptions for the synthesis and characterization of macromolecules. 110 elaborated examples (descriptions of experiments) plus sufficient theoretical explanations enable the reader to learn about the syntheses, modification, characterization and properties of polymers including recent developments. All experiments can be conducted with adequate laboratory equipment. Suitable for students in organic and polymer chemistry as well as for chemists in industry who want to acquaint themselves with the theoretical and practical aspects of macromolecular chemistry.

This book introduces the techniques used for the analysis of polymers. It covers the main aspects of polymer science and technology; identification, polymerization, molecular weight, structure, surface properties, degradation and mechanical properties. * Clear explanations of each analytical technique * Describes the application of techniques to the study of polymers * Encourages learning through numerous self-assessment questions and answers * Structured for flexible learning

During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40~60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. The photochemical instability of most polymers limits their outdoor application as they are photodegraded quickly over periods from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegradation and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In order to improve polymer photostability there has been a very big effort during the last 30 years to understand the mechanisms involved in photodegradation and environmental ageing. This book represents the author's attempt, based on his 25 years' experience in research on photodegradation and photo stabilization, to collect and generalize a number of available data on the photodegradation of polymers. The space limitation and the tremendous number of publications in the past two decades have made a detailed presentation of all important results and data difficult. The author apologizes to those whose work has not been quoted or widely presented in this book. Because many published results are very often contradictory, it has been difficult to present a fully critical review of collected knowledge, without antagonizing authors. For that reason, all available theories, mechanisms and different suggestions have been presented together, and only practice can evaluate which of them are valid.