Explainable Machine Learning Models And Architectures

EXPLAINABLE MACHINE LEARNING MODELS AND ARCHITECTURES This cutting-edge new volume covers the hardware architecture implementation, the software implementation approach, and the efficient hardware of machine learning applications. Machine learning and deep learning modules are now an integral part of many smart and automated systems where signal processing is performed at different levels. Signal processing in the form of text, images, or video needs large data computational operations at the desired data rate and accuracy. Large data requires more use of integrated circuit (IC) area with embedded bulk memories that further lead to more IC area. Trade-offs between power consumption, delay and IC area are always a concern of designers and researchers. New hardware architectures and accelerators are needed to explore and experiment with efficient machine-learning models. Many real-time applications like the processing of biomedical data in healthcare, smart transportation, satellite image analysis, and IoT-enabled systems have a lot of scope for improvements in terms of accuracy, speed, computational powers, and overall power consumption. This book deals with the efficient machine and deep learning models that support high-speed processors with reconfigurable architectures like graphic processing units (GPUs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or any hybrid system. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist working in the field or laboratory, or the student or academic, this is a must-have for any library.

This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.

EXPLAINABLE MACHINE LEARNING MODELS AND ARCHITECTURES This cutting-edge new volume covers the hardware architecture implementation, the software implementation approach, and the efficient hardware of machine learning applications. Machine learning and deep learning modules are now an integral part of many smart and automated systems where signal processing is performed at different levels. Signal processing in the form of text, images, or video needs large data computational operations at the desired data rate and accuracy. Large data requires more use of integrated circuit (IC) area with embedded bulk memories that further lead to more IC area. Trade-offs between power consumption, delay and IC area are always a concern of designers and researchers. New hardware architectures and accelerators are needed to explore and experiment with efficient machine-learning models. Many real-time applications like the processing of biomedical data in healthcare, smart transportation, satellite image analysis, and IoT-enabled systems have a lot of scope for improvements in terms of accuracy, speed, computational powers, and overall power consumption. This book deals with the efficient machine and deep learning models that support high-speed processors with reconfigurable architectures like graphic processing units (GPUs) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or any hybrid system. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist working in the field or laboratory, or the student or academic, this is a must-have for any library.

The development of “intelligent” systems that can take decisions and perform autonomously might lead to faster and more consistent decisions. A limiting factor for a broader adoption of AI technology is the inherent risks that come with giving up human control and oversight to “intelligent” machines. For sensitive tasks involving critical infrastructures and affecting human well-being or health, it is crucial to limit the possibility of improper, non-robust and unsafe decisions and actions. Before deploying an AI system, we see a strong need to validate its behavior, and thus establish guarantees that it will continue to perform as expected when deployed in a real-world environment. In pursuit of that objective, ways for humans to verify the agreement between the AI decision structure and their own ground-truth knowledge have been explored. Explainable AI (XAI) has developed as a subfield of AI, focused on exposing complex AI models to humans in a systematic and interpretable manner. The 22 chapters included in this book provide a timely snapshot of algorithms, theory, and applications of interpretable and explainable AI and AI techniques that have been proposed recently reflecting the current discourse in this field and providing directions of future development. The book is organized in six parts: towards AI transparency; methods for interpreting AI systems; explaining the decisions of AI systems; evaluating interpretability and explanations; applications of explainable AI; and software for explainable AI.

AI doesn’t have to be a black box. These practical techniques help shine a light on your model’s mysterious inner workings. Make your AI more transparent, and you’ll improve trust in your results, combat data leakage and bias, and ensure compliance with legal requirements. In Interpretable AI, you will learn: Why AI models are hard to interpret Interpreting white box models such as linear regression, decision trees, and generalized additive models Partial dependence plots, LIME, SHAP and Anchors, and other techniques such as saliency mapping, network dissection, and representational learning What fairness is and how to mitigate bias in AI systems Implement robust AI systems that are GDPR-compliant Interpretable AI opens up the black box of your AI models. It teaches cutting-edge techniques and best practices that can make even complex AI systems interpretable. Each method is easy to implement with just Python and open source libraries. You’ll learn to identify when you can utilize models that are inherently transparent, and how to mitigate opacity when your problem demands the power of a hard-to-interpret deep learning model. About the technology It’s often difficult to explain how deep learning models work, even for the data scientists who create them. Improving transparency and interpretability in machine learning models minimizes errors, reduces unintended bias, and increases trust in the outcomes. This unique book contains techniques for looking inside “black box” models, designing accountable algorithms, and understanding the factors that cause skewed results. About the book Interpretable AI teaches you to identify the patterns your model has learned and why it produces its results. As you read, you’ll pick up algorithm-specific approaches, like interpreting regression and generalized additive models, along with tips to improve performance during training. You’ll also explore methods for interpreting complex deep learning models where some processes are not easily observable. AI transparency is a fast-moving field, and this book simplifies cutting-edge research into practical methods you can implement with Python. What's inside Techniques for interpreting AI models Counteract errors from bias, data leakage, and concept drift Measuring fairness and mitigating bias Building GDPR-compliant AI systems About the reader For data scientists and engineers familiar with Python and machine learning. About the author Ajay Thampi is a machine learning engineer focused on responsible AI and fairness. Table of Contents PART 1 INTERPRETABILITY BASICS 1 Introduction 2 White-box models PART 2 INTERPRETING MODEL PROCESSING 3 Model-agnostic methods: Global interpretability 4 Model-agnostic methods: Local interpretability 5 Saliency mapping PART 3 INTERPRETING MODEL REPRESENTATIONS 6 Understanding layers and units 7 Understanding semantic similarity PART 4 FAIRNESS AND BIAS 8 Fairness and mitigating bias 9 Path to explainable AI

This book is written both for readers entering the field, and for practitioners with a background in AI and an interest in developing real-world applications. The book is a great resource for practitioners and researchers in both industry and academia, and the discussed case studies and associated material can serve as inspiration for a variety of projects and hands-on assignments in a classroom setting. I will certainly keep this book as a personal resource for the courses I teach, and strongly recommend it to my students. --Dr. Carlotta Domeniconi, Associate Professor, Computer Science Department, GMU This book offers a curriculum for introducing interpretability to machine learning at every stage. The authors provide compelling examples that a core teaching practice like leading interpretive discussions can be taught and learned by teachers and sustained effort. And what better way to strengthen the quality of AI and Machine learning outcomes. I hope that this book will become a primer for teachers, data Science educators, and ML developers, and together we practice the art of interpretive machine learning. --Anusha Dandapani, Chief Data and Analytics Officer, UNICC and Adjunct Faculty, NYU This is a wonderful book! I’m pleased that the next generation of scientists will finally be able to learn this important topic. This is the first book I’ve seen that has up-to-date and well-rounded coverage. Thank you to the authors! --Dr. Cynthia Rudin, Professor of Computer Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Statistical Science, and Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Literature on Explainable AI has up until now been relatively scarce and featured mainly mainstream algorithms like SHAP and LIME. This book has closed this gap by providing an extremely broad review of various algorithms proposed in the scientific circles over the previous 5-10 years. This book is a great guide to anyone who is new to the field of XAI or is already familiar with the field and is willing to expand their knowledge. A comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art Explainable AI methods starting from visualization, interpretable methods, local and global explanations, time series methods, and finishing with deep learning provides an unparalleled source of information currently unavailable anywhere else. Additionally, notebooks with vivid examples are a great supplement that makes the book even more attractive for practitioners of any level. Overall, the authors provide readers with an enormous breadth of coverage without losing sight of practical aspects, which makes this book truly unique and a great addition to the library of any data scientist. Dr. Andrey Sharapov, Product Data Scientist, Explainable AI Expert and Speaker, Founder of Explainable AI-XAI Group

Concepts, tools, and techniques to explore deep learning architectures and methodologies Key FeaturesExplore advanced deep learning architectures using various datasets and frameworksImplement deep architectures for neural network models such as CNN, RNN, GAN, and many moreDiscover design patterns and different challenges for various deep learning architecturesBook Description Deep learning architectures are composed of multilevel nonlinear operations that represent high-level abstractions; this allows you to learn useful feature representations from the data. This book will help you learn and implement deep learning architectures to resolve various deep learning research problems. Hands-On Deep Learning Architectures with Python explains the essential learning algorithms used for deep and shallow architectures. Packed with practical implementations and ideas to help you build efficient artificial intelligence systems (AI), this book will help you learn how neural networks play a major role in building deep architectures. You will understand various deep learning architectures (such as AlexNet, VGG Net, GoogleNet) with easy-to-follow code and diagrams. In addition to this, the book will also guide you in building and training various deep architectures such as the Boltzmann mechanism, autoencoders, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), natural language processing (NLP), GAN, and more—all with practical implementations. By the end of this book, you will be able to construct deep models using popular frameworks and datasets with the required design patterns for each architecture. You will be ready to explore the potential of deep architectures in today's world. What you will learnImplement CNNs, RNNs, and other commonly used architectures with PythonExplore architectures such as VGGNet, AlexNet, and GoogLeNetBuild deep learning architectures for AI applications such as face and image recognition, fraud detection, and many moreUnderstand the architectures and applications of Boltzmann machines and autoencoders with concrete examples Master artificial intelligence and neural network concepts and apply them to your architectureUnderstand deep learning architectures for mobile and embedded systemsWho this book is for If you’re a data scientist, machine learning developer/engineer, or deep learning practitioner, or are curious about AI and want to upgrade your knowledge of various deep learning architectures, this book will appeal to you. You are expected to have some knowledge of statistics and machine learning algorithms to get the best out of this book

Build highly secure and scalable machine learning platforms to support the fast-paced adoption of machine learning solutions Key Features Explore different ML tools and frameworks to solve large-scale machine learning challenges in the cloud Build an efficient data science environment for data exploration, model building, and model training Learn how to implement bias detection, privacy, and explainability in ML model development Book DescriptionWhen equipped with a highly scalable machine learning (ML) platform, organizations can quickly scale the delivery of ML products for faster business value realization. There is a huge demand for skilled ML solutions architects in different industries, and this handbook will help you master the design patterns, architectural considerations, and the latest technology insights you’ll need to become one. You’ll start by understanding ML fundamentals and how ML can be applied to solve real-world business problems. Once you've explored a few leading problem-solving ML algorithms, this book will help you tackle data management and get the most out of ML libraries such as TensorFlow and PyTorch. Using open source technology such as Kubernetes/Kubeflow to build a data science environment and ML pipelines will be covered next, before moving on to building an enterprise ML architecture using Amazon Web Services (AWS). You’ll also learn about security and governance considerations, advanced ML engineering techniques, and how to apply bias detection, explainability, and privacy in ML model development. By the end of this book, you’ll be able to design and build an ML platform to support common use cases and architecture patterns like a true professional. What you will learn Apply ML methodologies to solve business problems Design a practical enterprise ML platform architecture Implement MLOps for ML workflow automation Build an end-to-end data management architecture using AWS Train large-scale ML models and optimize model inference latency Create a business application using an AI service and a custom ML model Use AWS services to detect data and model bias and explain models Who this book is for This book is for data scientists, data engineers, cloud architects, and machine learning enthusiasts who want to become machine learning solutions architects. You’ll need basic knowledge of the Python programming language, AWS, linear algebra, probability, and networking concepts before you get started with this handbook.