Extracellular Vesicles In Health And Disease

Interest in the role of extracellular vesicles (microvesicles and exosomes) is expanding rapidly. It is now apparent that far from being merely cellular debris, these vesicles play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and signaling. Moreover, they are significantly elevated in a number of diseases. This raises the question of their direct role

Extracellular vesicle is a wide term that involves many different types of vesicles. Almost all the cell types studied secrete vesicles to the extracellular environment related to cell - cell communication. Extracellular vesicles have been found in different biological fluids, such as blood, milk, saliva, tears, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. These vesicles transport different molecules, including mRNA, proteins, and lipids, some of them cell type specific that make them ideal biomarkers in both health and disease conditions. However, their contribution to different conditions is not well understood. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the extracellular vesicles in the human body, how they are internalized, and their participation in several diseases.

Extracellular vesicles are small vesicles (or membrane-bound organelles) that can be found in blood and other biofluids and their internal content and surface reflect their origin and potential function. Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms and Role in Health and Disease begins with a summary of the most recent findings about the potential role of extracellular vesicles in human health and diseases and discusses future directions. The authors discuss how intercellular communication at the developing feto-maternal interface is of cardinal interest. The implantation itself is at least partially-dependent on extracellular vesicles' mediated processes. Furthermore, the altered local and systemic immunomodulatory state seems to be significantly influenced by proteomic and nucleic acid cargo found in extracellular vesicles. Lastly, recent studies in the development of metastatic potential are studied by focusing on the role of oxidative stress under the control of reprogrammed onco-metabolism using the LNCaP-C4-2B prostate cancer progression model system.

Extracellular and biofluids vesicles (EVs) are highly specialised yet ubiquitous nanoscale messengers secreted by cells. With the development of stem cell engineering, EVs promise to deliver next generation tools in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, as well as in diagnostics. A vibrant and promising field, this book provides the first resource to the field. Covering basic cell biology, including EV production and intracellular communication, this book will provide material scientists and engineers with a foundation to the necessary biology. The reader will then learn about the isolation of extracellular vesicles their physicochemical characterisation and therapeutic application of EVs in regenerative medicine as well as their potential as biomarkers in medical diagnostic. This book will also discuss the regulatory landscape of EVs. Bridging cell biology, biomaterials, biophysics and biomedical engineering the content of this book is written with a broad interdisciplinary audience in mind. Researchers, new and established will find this a must-have on their shelf.

Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.

Exosomes: A Clinical Compendium is a comprehensive and authoritative account of exosomes in the context of biomarkers, diagnostics, and therapeutics across a wide spectrum of medical disciplines, as well as their role in cell-cell communication. It is intended to serve as a reference source for clinicians, physicians, and research scientists who wish to gain insight into the most recent advances in this rapidly growing field. The exosome revolution may well be the greatest advance in physiology and medicine since antibiotics. The discovery of their epigenetic role in intercellular signaling in virtually all tissues is a major breakthrough in our understanding of how cells function. Provides readers with a broad and timely overview of exosomes in health and disease, closing with a thought-provoking chapter on transgenerational inheritance, Darwin and Lamarck. Summarizes the most recent laboratory and clinical findings on exosomes across numerous medical disciplines, thereby offering readers a broad-ranging and solid foundation for prospective investigative efforts Twenty-one chapters authored by a global team of peer-acknowledged experts, each representing a key medical disciplineProvides readers with a broad and timely overview of exosomes in health and disease, closing

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells that mediate horizontal cargo transport from donor to recipient cell, thereby establishing cell-cell communication and signaling. This book provides critical information on the fundamentals of EVs, their roles in diseases like cancer, and their use in disease management. The chapters emphasize the emerging data confirming the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of diseases and discuss the scientific advances that have made it feasible to characterize and engineer EVs, leading to their use as tools in biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic application, and theranostics. This volume is a valuable resource for basic biologists, translational scientists, and clinicians.