Family Farming Without State Intervention

Much has happened since agricultural economists and rural sociologists met at the University of Chicago in 1946 to discuss family farming. The problems and issues related to the structure of agriculture have been intensified by current economic considerations, which promote the growth of larger-scale commercial farming operations and edge out many smaller farms owned, operated, and worked by families. In this book, contributors from eleven nations in Europe and North America provide a comparison of farm structure under different economic and political systems, including Poland as an example of a non-market economy. In addition to providing information on how local, state, and international policies have affected the agricultural enterprise, they look at the role of farmers' organizations in policy formulation and take note of changes in farm patterns and policies that have had an impact on farm production, off-farm work, and the welfare of farm families and rural communities.

This report provides an overview of a study conducted in the NENA region in 2015-2016 in partnership with FAO, CIRAD, CIHEAM-IAMM and six national teams, each of which prepared a national report. In the six countries under review in the NENA region (Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Mauritania, Sudan and Tunisia), agriculture is carried out primarily by small-scale family farmers, the majority of whom run the risk of falling into the poverty trap, largely due to the continuous fragmentation of inherited landholdings. As such, the development of small-scale family farming can no longer be based solely on intensifying agriculture, as the farmers are not able to produce sufficient marketable surplus due to the limited size of their landholdings. An approach based strictly on agricultural activity is also insufficient (as small-scale family farms have already diversified their livelihoods with off-farm activities). In fact, developing small-scale farming cannot be achieved by focusing strictly on t he dimension of production.

This publication primarily aims to support decision-makers and practitioners in developing legislative measures to enhance the livelihoods of family farmers through a dedicated attention being placed on the importance of defining family farming and some of its most common features with cases discussed from different parts of the globe. While each context provides for a tailored definition of family farming with some of the definitions being broader and others narrower in their inclusion and enumeration, recurring elements made their way through multiple definitions and hint to certain commonalities across regions and languages. Against this setting, this publication primarily analyses cases of legislative measures for family farming through clear and tailored definitions while presenting examples, commonalities and differences on legislative practices in different parts of the globe and on a variety of intrinsic matters for family farmers’ livelihoods. After setting the legal background on which legislative interventions for family farming are mostly based, the publication delves into specific features of definitions through various examples before examining the closely linked nature of legislative and policy processes, which are presented through assorted examples of multisectoral legislative measures undertaken to enhance family farmers’ livelihoods.

The distinction between 'capitalism from above' and 'capitalism from below' is important in the analysis of the agrarian question in poor countries. The 'Prussian path' and the 'American path' are here examined, against existing historical scholarship. Their unfolding, from their earliest roots to the point of final 'agrarian transition' in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, is considered. The dialectic between social relations and productive forces, mediated as it was by the state, is treated and the implications for capitalist industrialisation scrutinised.