Fermentation Organisms A Laboratory Handbook

Excerpt from Fermentation Organisms: A Laboratory Handbook The second section describes the fitting up of the laboratory and all that is necessary for conducting work. Laboratory methods are then explained, special attention being given to the preparation of pure yeast cultures in large quantities. Finally, the third section treats of the most important micro-organisms of the alcoholic fermentation industry. The book thus deals with that domain in which Hansen has opened up so many new paths. For each section there is a bibliography which embraces the most important researches, and contains explanatory notes. The literature after 1st January, 1900, could not be included. In certain cases I have made experiments for the sake of confirmation, and have quoted some results not hitherto published. The branch of the fermentation industries with which my book is chiefly concerned is that of brewing, which was the first to make use of Hansen's pure culture system, and hence to adopt a rational mode of working. Brewing has thus, to a certain extent, become the model for the other branches of the alcoholic fermentation industry. The science of the organisms of fermentation as set forth in this book deals, however, not only with practical applications, but also with important theoretical aspects of chemistry and botany. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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Numerous foods are prepared by fermentation processes in which one or more kinds of microorganisms are responsible for the characteristic flavour or texture, and sometimes for the keeping quality of the product. The manufacture of fermented food products is carried out on a small scale in homes in every country. Fermented products are more palatable and are not as easily spoiled as the natural products. The microorganisms that produce the desirable changes may be the natural flora on the material to be fermented, or may be added as starter cultures. The yield of organic acids principally lactic, serve as a preserving agents. Lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic intramolecular oxidation reduction process. Both homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria participate in food fermentations. In some fermented food products, yeasts and moulds also participate along with lactic acid bacteria. Most of the reactions in living organisms are catalyzed by protein molecules called enzymes. Enzymes can rightly be called the catalytic machinery of living systems. The real break through of enzymes occurred with the introduction of microbial proteases into detergents. Most of the enzymes are produced by microorganisms in submerged cultures in large reactors called fermentors. In choosing the production strain several aspects have to be considered. Industrial enzyme market is growing steadily. The reason for this lies in improved production efficiency resulting in cheaper enzymes, in new application fields. Tailoring enzymes for specific applications will be a future trend with continuously improving tools and understanding of structure-function relationships and increased search for enzymes from exotic environments. This field deals with how are the enzymes used and applied in practical processes. A lot of fungal, bacterial and actinomycete strains with potential for producing novel industrial enzymes have been identified. This book contains sterilization, fermentation processes, aeration and agitation, use of yeast, yeast production, fermentation raw materials, production of bacterial enzymes, bread making methods, effluent treatment, production of actinomycete protease, lactic acid, citric acid. This handbook will be very helpful to its readers who are just beginners in this field and will also find useful for upcoming entrepreneurs, existing industries, food technologist, technical institution etc.

Over the past decade, new applications of genetic engineering in the fermentation of food products have received a great deal of coverage in scientific literature. While many books focus solely on recent developments, this reference book highlights these developments and provides detailed background and manufacturing information. Co-Edited by Fidel Toldra - Recipient of the 2010 Distinguished Research Award from the American Meat Science Association Presenting a comprehensive overview, Handbook of Food and Beverage Fermentation Technology examines a wide range of starter cultures and manufacturing procedures for popular alcoholic beverages and bakery, dairy, meat, cereal, soy, and vegetable food products. An international panel of experts from government, industry, and academia provide an in-depth review of fermentation history, microorganisms, quality assurance practices, and manufacturing guidelines. The text focuses on the quality of the final food product, flavor formation, and new advances in starter cultures for dairy fermentations using recent examples that depict the main species used, their characteristics, and their impact on the development of other fermented foods. With approximately 2,300 references for further exploration, this is a valuable resource for food scientists, technologists, microbiologists, toxicologists, and processors.

Fermented food can be produced with inexpensive ingredients and simple techniques and makes a significant contribution to the human diet, especially in rural households and village communities worldwide. Progress in the biological and microbiological sciences involved in the manufacture of these foods has led to commercialization and heightened int