Financing The Future Of Supercomputing How To Increase Investments In High Performance Computing In Europe

Supercomputing has become an indispensable resource in the digital age, thereby transforming research, businesses and our daily lives. It strongly increases the ability of researchers, industry, SMEs and government to process and analyse large amounts of data. The study demonstrates that the use of supercomputing for industrial and commercial applications in Europe has grown rapidly across many sectors such as automotive, renewable energy and mechanical engineering. To realise this potential, significant public ('cornerstone') investments in strategic HPC infrastructure and services are essential. This is expected to lead to the creation of public value via the growth of high-tech companies and the creation of new ecosystems across Europe. At the same time, new thinking is required about how to optimise the use of HPC infrastructure from a predominantly public good approach to ensure that adequate socio-economic returns are generated. This study analysis the key financing challenges of supercomputing in Europe and provides concrete recommendations on how to overcome the current investment gap in this strategic sector. It provides a new rationale for public and private investment as a basis for improving the conditions for robust and long-term financing.

This book constitutes revised selected papers of the 8th Latin American High Performance Computing Conference, CARLA 2021, held in Guadalajara, Mexico, in October 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held in a virtual mode. The 16 revised full papers and 2 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected out of 45 submissions. The papers included in this book are organized according to the topics on ​high performance computing; high performance computing and artificial intelligence; high performance computing applications.

The Committee on the Future of Supercomputing was tasked to assess prospects for supercomputing technology research and development in support of U.S. needs, to examine key elements of context-the history of supercomputing, the erosion of research investment, the changing nature of problems demanding supercomputing, and the needs of government agencies for supercomputing capabilities-and to assess options for progress. This interim report establishes context-including the history and current state of supercomputing, application requirements, technology evolution, the socioeconomic context-to identify some of the issues that may be explored in more depth in the second phase of the study.

Supercomputers play a significant and growing role in a variety of areas important to the nation. They are used to address challenging science and technology problems. In recent years, however, progress in supercomputing in the United States has slowed. The development of the Earth Simulator supercomputer by Japan that the United States could lose its competitive advantage and, more importantly, the national competence needed to achieve national goals. In the wake of this development, the Department of Energy asked the NRC to assess the state of U.S. supercomputing capabilities and relevant R&D. Subsequently, the Senate directed DOE in S. Rpt. 107-220 to ask the NRC to evaluate the Advanced Simulation and Computing program of the National Nuclear Security Administration at DOE in light of the development of the Earth Simulator. This report provides an assessment of the current status of supercomputing in the United States including a review of current demand and technology, infrastructure and institutions, and international activities. The report also presents a number of recommendations to enable the United States to meet current and future needs for capability supercomputers.

High-Performance Computing (HPC) delivers higher computational performance to solve problems in science, engineering and finance. There are various HPC resources available for different needs, ranging from cloud computing– that can be used without much expertise and expense – to more tailored hardware, such as Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or D-Wave’s quantum computer systems. High-Performance Computing in Finance is the first book that provides a state-of-the-art introduction to HPC for finance, capturing both academically and practically relevant problems.

The new OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook presents the latest trends in performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and provides a comprehensive overview of business conditions and policy frameworks for SMEs and entrepreneurs. This year’s edition provides comparative evidence on business dynamism, productivity growth, wage gaps and export trends by firm size across OECD countries and emerging economies.