Flood Forecasting Using Machine Learning Methods

Nowadays, the degree and scale of flood hazards has been massively increasing as a result of the changing climate, and large-scale floods jeopardize lives and properties, causing great economic losses, in the inundation-prone areas of the world. Early flood warning systems are promising countermeasures against flood hazards and losses. A collaborative assessment according to multiple disciplines, comprising hydrology, remote sensing, and meteorology, of the magnitude and impacts of flood hazards on inundation areas significantly contributes to model the integrity and precision of flood forecasting. Methodologically oriented countermeasures against flood hazards may involve the forecasting of reservoir inflows, river flows, tropical cyclone tracks, and flooding at different lead times and/or scales. Analyses of impacts, risks, uncertainty, resilience, and scenarios coupled with policy-oriented suggestions will give information for flood hazard mitigation. Emerging advances in computing technologies coupled with big-data mining have boosted data-driven applications, among which Machine Learning technology, with its flexibility and scalability in pattern extraction, has modernized not only scientific thinking but also predictive applications. This book explores recent Machine Learning advances on flood forecast and management in a timely manner and presents interdisciplinary approaches to modelling the complexity of flood hazards-related issues, with contributions to integrative solutions from a local, regional or global perspective.

The impacts of climate change on water resource management, as well as increasingly severe natural disasters over the last decades, have caught global attention. Reliable and accurate hydrological forecasts are essential for efficient water resource management and the mitigation of natural disasters. While the notorious nonlinear hydrological processes make accurate forecasts a very challenging task, it requires advanced techniques to build accurate forecast models and reliable management systems. One of the newest techniques for modeling complex systems is artificial intelligence (AI). AI can replicate the way humans learn and has great capability to efficiently extract crucial information from large amounts of data to solve complex problems. The fourteen research papers published in this Special Issue contribute significantly to the uncertainty assessment of operational hydrologic forecasting under changing environmental conditions and the promotion of water resources management by using the latest advanced techniques, such as AI techniques. The fourteen contributions across four major research areas: (1) machine learning approaches to hydrologic forecasting; (2) uncertainty analysis and assessment on hydrological modeling under changing environments; (3) AI techniques for optimizing multi-objective reservoir operation; (4) adaption strategies of extreme hydrological events for hazard mitigation. The papers published in this issue will not only advance water sciences but also help policymakers to achieve more sustainable and effective water resource management.

Disruptive innovations are now propelling Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and presenting new opportunities for value generation in all major industry segments. I4.0 technologies' innovations in cybersecurity and data science provide smart apps and services with accurate real-time monitoring and control. Through enhanced access to real-time information, it also aims to increase overall effectiveness, lower costs, and increase the efficiency of people, processes, and technology. The Handbook of Research on Data Science and Cybersecurity Innovations in Industry 4.0 Technologies discusses the technological foundations of cybersecurity and data science within the scope of the I4.0 landscape and details the existing cybersecurity and data science innovations with I4.0 applications, as well as state-of-the-art solutions with regard to both academic research and practical implementations. Covering key topics such as data science, blockchain, and artificial intelligence, this premier reference source is ideal for industry professionals, computer scientists, scholars, researchers, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

This dissertation considers various questions with respect to the effects of salinity on nutrification: what are the main inhibiting factors causing the effects, do all salts have similar effects, what is the maximum acceptable salt level, are ammonia oxidisers or nitrite oxidizers most sensitive to salt stress, can nitrifiers adapt to long term salt stress and are some specific nitrifiers more resistant to salt stress than others? Research was carried out at laboratory scale and in full-scale plants and modelling was employed in both phases to provide a mathematical description for salt inhibition on nitrification and to facilitate the comparison. The result has led to an improved understanding of the effect of salinity on nitrification. The results can be used to improve the sustainability of the exisisting wastewater treatment plants operated under salt stress.

This book provides a collection of selected papers presented at the International Conference on Cybernetics, Cognition and Machine Learning Applications (ICCCMLA 2019), which was held in Goa, India, on 16–17 August 2019. It covers the latest research trends and advances in the areas of data science, artificial intelligence, neural networks, cognitive science and machine learning applications, cyber-physical systems, and cybernetics.

This book includes high-quality research papers presented at the Third International Conference on Innovative Computing and Communication (ICICC 2020), which is held at the Shaheed Sukhdev College of Business Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India, on 21–23 February, 2020. Introducing the innovative works of scientists, professors, research scholars, students and industrial experts in the field of computing and communication, the book promotes the transformation of fundamental research into institutional and industrialized research and the conversion of applied exploration into real-time applications.