Floral Biology Pollination And Fertilisation In Temperate Zone Fruit Species And Grape

This book fils a gap in the scientific literature of horticulture. A detailed survey on floral biology related to the temparate-zone fruit species and grape by prominent representative of the profession.

This book is a comprehensive synthesis of information on floral biology and pollination of fruit tress. Complete overlook is presented on temperate zone fruit trees and small fruits. Main chapters are concerned both with the biological and ecological backgrounds of floral biology and pollination. All related items are discussed ranging from flower development and pollination requirements to orchard planning and bee pollination. World literature is carefully surveyed with a special emphasis on East European studies having dealt intensively with the issues of floral biology and bee pollination in the past two decades. All of the authors are internationally renowned specialists in the fields of floral biology and pollination.

The book covers interplay between pest management strategies and safety of pollinators. Detailed information is provided on pests and pollinators of temperate, subtropical and tropical fruit crops. Most of the fruit crops are highly cross pollinated and depend upon insects or benefit from insect pollination for fruit set. Insect pests on the other hand cause major economic damage on fruit crops in tropics, subtropics and temperate. Evidently, pest management in fruit crops on one hand and providing safety to the pollinators on the other is a challenging task in the context of increasing horticultural productivity without upsetting the ecological balance. This book aims to integrate and develop pest control strategies in a way to minimize their impact on beneficial insect species such as natural enemies and pollinators to enhance fruit production and quality. The book covers interplay between pest management strategies and safety of pollinators. Detailed information is provided on pests and pollinators of temperate, subtropical and tropical fruit crops. Pollinators play a crucial role in flowering plant reproduction and in the production of most fruits and vegetables. Most of the fruit crops are highly cross pollinated and depend upon insects or benefit from insect pollination for fruit set. Insect pests on the other hand cause major economic damage on fruit crops in tropics, subtropics and temperate. Evidently, pest management in fruit crops on one hand and providing safety to the pollinators on the other is a challenging task in the context of increasing horticultural productivity without upsetting the ecological balance. This book aims to integrate and develop pest control strategies in a way to minimize their impact on beneficial insect species such as natural enemies and pollinators to enhance fruit production and quality. Most of the fruit crops are highly cross pollinated and depend upon insects or benefit from insect pollination for fruit set. Insect pests on the other hand cause major economic damage on fruit crops in tropics, subtropics and temperate. Evidently, pest management in fruit crops on one hand and providing safety to the pollinators on the other is a challenging task in the context of increasing horticultural productivity without upsetting the ecological balance. This book aims to integrate and develop pest control strategies in a way to minimize their impact on beneficial insect species such as natural enemies and pollinators to enhance fruit production and quality. The book covers interplay between pest management strategies and safety of pollinators.

The same team of authors presents the third volume on the topic of fruit growing in the moderate climate zone with special respect to blooming and fruit set. Accumulated and critically processed knowledge has been synthesised with up to date references. In the first chapter, blooming phenology and attributes of flowers are dealt with along with a historical survey of earlier investigations in flower morphology and in the process of fertilisation. Subsequent chapters go into details revealed by modern biological research concerning special morphological and physiological characters of flowers, the ecological conditions of flower bud formation and bud bursting with special reference to different types of winter dormancy. The excessive weather conditions aggravated by the global meteorological changes of our climate actualise the defence practices against frost and drought. The anomalies are also coupled with the changes in the pathological conditions as well as in the incidence of pests, hurting first of all the delicate structures of the reproductive mechanism, which ought to be traced currently. A wide reaching field of horticultural research since about one century, the fertility relations of temperate zone fruit species yielded a considerable bulk of information concerning the mutual compatibility relations of varieties. Modern growing technologies increased the significance of the respective knowledge, which has been completed with new elements derived by methods of classic and molecular genetics and biochemistry. Also new mutants appeared, which represent often changes in their reproductive properties. Varieties used as understocks are also treated as for their floral biology. Fruit set and fruit drop are treated with special emphasis in relation with seed content being a decisive moment of yield. Molecular biology represents a safe tool for the identification of varieties and genotypes in order to secure the proper association of inter-compatible varieties in plantations.

As a member of the working group (WG) on "Temperate Zone Fruit Trees in the Tropics and Subtropics" of the International Society for Horticulture, I was aware of the lack of readily available information needed in many warm-climate locations where temperate fruit crops are grown. The founder of this WG, Frank Dennis, Jr. , was motivated to encourage knowledge transfer by sharing knowledge with many developing countries. We shared his drive and in presenting this book we believe we are doing a service to all persons interested in temperate fruits, but especially to those in tropical and subtropical countries, many of which are developing countries interested in growing these crops and lacking the knowledge needed. In this book, we have collected information covering a variety of different aspects of growing temperate fruit crops in warm climates. As this is the first time such an evaluation of these species has been done, interesting and novel aspects of tree development and fruiting are presented, with stress on elements like dormancy and irrigation that are not of such basic concern in the natural of the temperate zones. We are living in a transition age; horticultural studies habitat are changing and expertise such as can be found in the array of participants in this book is probably not going to be easily found in the future. I hope that this book will broaden our understanding of the fruiting Temperate Zone tree in general and of its adaptation to warm climates, in particular.

Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, Second Edition, Five Volume Set addresses important issues by examining topics of global agriculture and food systems that are key to understanding the challenges we face. Questions it addresses include: Will we be able to produce enough food to meet the increasing dietary needs and wants of the additional two billion people expected to inhabit our planet by 2050? Will we be able to meet the need for so much more food while simultaneously reducing adverse environmental effects of today’s agriculture practices? Will we be able to produce the additional food using less land and water than we use now? These are among the most important challenges that face our planet in the coming decades. The broad themes of food systems and people, agriculture and the environment, the science of agriculture, agricultural products, and agricultural production systems are covered in more than 200 separate chapters of this work. The book provides information that serves as the foundation for discussion of the food and environment challenges of the world. An international group of highly respected authors addresses these issues from a global perspective and provides the background, references, and linkages for further exploration of each of topics of this comprehensive work. Addresses important challenges of sustainability and efficiency from a global perspective. Takes a detailed look at the important issues affecting the agricultural and food industries today. Full colour throughout.