France In The East A Contribution Towards The Consideration Of The Eastern Question

This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1882 edition. Excerpt: ... order the officer in command to detach three ships of war and two fireships to the Princes Islands, where the envoy, who bears your Majesty's demands, ought to reside until your demands have been granted. Your Majesty's envoy should then inform the Porte that, unless all your demands are granted without an instant's delay, all your subjects will be ordered to quit Turkey at once, and that all your friendly relations with her will cease. This declaration, if firmly made, will terrify the Sultan and his Ministers. They will know that they cannot resist your power, and that, if you blockade the Straits for eight days, there will be a famine in the capital; that the soldiers and the people will rise, and that the Ministers' heads will not be safe on their shoulders. If they do not yield they will be starved, as they never have any store of provisions in the capital. If the result of the measures which I recommend should be a war between France and Turkey, you may become master of all the islands of the Archipelago in a month or six weeks. The inhabitants of the islands long for this auspicious moment, and burn to be emancipated from the Turks, who inflict upon them continual outrages, and take from them a fifth part, not merely of the income which they possess, but of that which the Turks suppose them to possess. I have conferred with the magistrates of the islands, and they have assured me of their concurrence. With twelve guns you may destroy the fortifications of Smyrna, and your troops may then take the town, which is very rich, with ease. If a single shot be fired before Chio, the keys of the citadel will be brought to the commander of your fleet, and a panic will spread throughout Asia Minor. Your Majesty should be careful to select...

Against Massacre looks at the rise of humanitarian intervention in the nineteenth century, from the fall of Napoleon to the First World War. Examining the concept from a historical perspective, Davide Rodogno explores the understudied cases of European interventions and noninterventions in the Ottoman Empire and brings a new view to this international practice for the contemporary era. While it is commonly believed that humanitarian interventions are a fairly recent development, Rodogno demonstrates that almost two centuries ago an international community, under the aegis of certain European powers, claimed a moral and political right to intervene in other states' affairs to save strangers from massacre, atrocity, or extermination. On some occasions, these powers acted to protect fellow Christians when allegedly "uncivilized" states, like the Ottoman Empire, violated a "right to life." Exploring the political, legal, and moral status, as well as European perceptions, of the Ottoman Empire, Rodogno investigates the reasons that were put forward to exclude the Ottomans from the so-called Family of Nations. He considers the claims and mixed motives of intervening states for aiding humanity, the relationship between public outcry and state action or inaction, and the bias and selectiveness of governments and campaigners. An original account of humanitarian interventions some two centuries ago, Against Massacre investigates the varied consequences of European involvement in the Ottoman Empire and the lessons that can be learned for similar actions today.

Examines Naval co-operation between Britain and Russia and the often underappreciated prowess of the Russian navy.Naval co-operation between Britain and Russia continued throughout the eighteenth century, with Britain providing huge assistance to the growth of Russia's navy, and Russia making an essential but often overlooked contribution to Britain's maritime power in the period. From 1698 when Tsar Peter the Great served briefly as a trainee shipwright at Deptford dockyard Russia recruited British, often Scottish, shipwrights, engineers, naval officers and naval surgeons who both helped build up the Russian navy and who were also key advisers to the Russian navy at sea. At the same time, naval stores from Russia, especially after Britain lost the American colonies, were vital for the maintenance of Britain's fleet. Moreover, as this book argues, Russian naval power was much more formidable than is often realised, with the Russian navy active alongside the British fleet in the North Sea and winning decisive battles against the Ottoman navy in the Mediterranean, including the battles of Çeşme in 1770 and Navarino in 1827. Britain did well to have Russia as a naval ally rather than an enemy. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this important subject, at a time when Britain's relationship with Russia is of considerable concern.ve battles against the Ottoman navy in the Mediterranean, including the battles of Çeşme in 1770 and Navarino in 1827. Britain did well to have Russia as a naval ally rather than an enemy. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this important subject, at a time when Britain's relationship with Russia is of considerable concern.ve battles against the Ottoman navy in the Mediterranean, including the battles of Çeşme in 1770 and Navarino in 1827. Britain did well to have Russia as a naval ally rather than an enemy. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this important subject, at a time when Britain's relationship with Russia is of considerable concern.ve battles against the Ottoman navy in the Mediterranean, including the battles of Çeşme in 1770 and Navarino in 1827. Britain did well to have Russia as a naval ally rather than an enemy. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this important subject, at a time when Britain's relationship with Russia is of considerable concern.