Frangible Roof Joint For Storage Tanks

Describes research that evaluated the ability of the present design criteria (API 650) to ensure the desired frangible joint behavior. Particular questions include: evaluation of the area inequality as a method to predict the buckling response of the compression ring; effect of roof slope, tank diameter, and weld size on the frangible joint; effect of the relative strength of the roof-to-shell joint compared to the shell-to-bottom joint. Charts, tables, graphs and photos. References.

Covering both upstream and downstream oil and gas facilities, Surface Production Operations: Volume 5: Pressure Vessels, Heat Exchangers, and Aboveground Storage Tanks delivers a must-have reference guide to maximize efficiency, increase performance, prevent failures, and reduce costs. Every engineer and equipment manager in oil and gas must have complete knowledge of the systems and equipment involved for each project and facility, especially the checklist to keep up with maintenance and inspection--a topic just as critical as design and performance. Taking the guesswork out of searching through a variety of generalized standards and codes, Surface Production Operations: Volume 5: Pressure Vessels, Heat Exchangers, and Aboveground Storage Tanks furnishes all the critical regulatory information needed for oil and gas specific projects, saving time and money on maintaining the lifecycle of mechanical integrity of the oil and gas facility. Including troubleshooting techniques, calculations with examples, and several significant illustrations, this critical volume within the Surface Production Operations series is crucial on every oil and gas engineer’s bookshelf to solve day-to-day problems with common sense solutions. Provides practical checklists and case studies for selection, installation, and maintenance on pressure vessels, heat transfer equipment, and storage tanks for all types of oil and gas facilities Explains restoration techniques with detailed inspection and testing procedures, ensuring the equipment is revitalized to maximum life extension Supplies comprehensive coverage on oil and gas specific American and European standards, codes and recommended practices, saving the engineer time searching for various publications

These two volumes of proceedings contain 9 invited keynote papers and 126 contributed papers to be presented at the Second International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures held on 15-17 December 1999 in Hong Kong. The conference is a sequel to the International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures held in Hong Kong in December 1996. The conference will provide a forum for discussion and dissemination by researchers and designers of recent advances in the analysis, behaviour, design and construction of steel structures. The papers to be presented at the conference cover a wide spectrum of topics and were contributed from over 15 countries around the world. They report the current state-of-the art and point to future directions of structural steel research.

The book is a guide for Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) practitioners. It explains the onion skin model and in particular, how it relates to the use of LOPA and the need for non-safety instrumented independent protection layers. It provides specific guidance on Independent Protection Layers (IPLs) that are not Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS). Using the LOPA methodology, companies typically take credit for risk reductions accomplished through non-SIS alternatives; i.e. administrative procedures, equipment design, etc. It addresses issues such as how to ensure the effectiveness and maintain reliability for administrative controls or “inherently safer, passive” concepts. This book will address how the fields of Human Reliability Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, Inherent Safety, Audits and Assessments, Maintenance, and Emergency Response relate to LOPA and SIS. The book will separate IPL’s into categories such as the following: Inherent Safety eliminates a scenario or fundamentally reduces a hazard Preventive/Proactive prevents initiating event from occurring such as enhanced maintenance Preventive/Active stops chain of events after initiating event occurs but before an incident has occurred such as high level in a tank shutting off the pump. Mitigation (active or passive) minimizes impact once an incident has occurred such as closing block valves once LEL is detected in the dike (active) or the dike preventing contamination of groundwater (passive).