From Elementary Particles To The Limits Of The Infinite Cosmos

"The book describes our up-to-date knowledge of the Universe and suggests a new theory, the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", which explains the creation and the functioning of the material part of our Universe and the whole Cosmos. The first five chapters described herein cover the evolution of human knowledge about the Universe, the Universe as it is known today, the elementary particles and the fundamental forces, the theory of the big bang and the other existing cosmological theories about the creation. After the above, the author presents the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", a revolutionary theory that explains in an original and innovative way the creation and the evolution of our Cosmos. Next the reader will find the answers, according to the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", to some questions that still remain unanswered today about the creation such as where have the huge amounts of energy that exist in the universe been found? Does antimatter exist and, if so, where is it? Etc. The last chapter is a brief summary of the theory of the unification of the fundamental forces and physical theories. This chapter, in any case, is an introduction to the subject of the unifications and was written for readers who want to know more about this issue"--

The book describes our up-to-date knowledge of the Universe and suggests a new theory, the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", which explains the creation and the functioning of the material part of our Universe and the whole Cosmos. The first five chapters described herein cover the evolution of human knowledge about the Universe, the Universe as it is known today, the elementary particles and the fundamental forces, the theory of the big bang and the other existing cosmological theories about the creation.After the above, the author presents the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", a revolutionary theory that explains in an original and innovative way the creation and the evolution of our Cosmos. Next the reader will find the answers, according to the "Theory of the Chain Reaction", to some questions that still remain unanswered today about the creation such as where have the huge amounts of energy that exist in the universe been found? Does antimatter exist and, if so, where is it? Etc.The last chapter is a brief summary of the theory of the unification of the fundamental forces and physical theories. This chapter, in any case, is an introduction to the subject of the unifications and was written for readers who want to know more about this issue.

From time immemorial, poets and philosophers have looked in awe and wonder at the Universe. Such awe is shared by astrophysicists, too, as they seek to understand its nature, and whether it has any limits. In The Infinite Cosmos, Joseph Silk, Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford University, cosmologist and well-known science writer, brings together the modern understanding of the Universe, its structure, its evolution, and its possible fate, combining the latest from theory andobservation. The narrative is peppered with quotations from literature and philosophy, and reflects, too, on the process of scientific discovery, and the implications of our discoveries.

The aim of this book is to develop a contraction method for classical orthogonal and unitary groups (algebras), and apply it to the investigation of physical structures, offering a new and unique interpretation to the high-energy limit of the Standard Model. Readers will find a comprehensive and rigorous study, summarized as follows: The space-time models (or kinematics) are described on the motion group level. The Jordan-Schwinger representations of the groups are shown to be closely connected to the properties of stationary quantum systems, whose Hamiltonians are quadratic in creation and annihilation operators. The high-temperature limit of the Standard Model is associated with the contraction of its gauge group, and the tending-to-zero contraction parameter is connected to the inverse average energy (temperature) of the Universe. This makes it possible to re-establish the evolution of particles and their interactions in the early Universe up to Planck energy, where readers shall discover that the properties of elementary particles change drastically in the infinite temperature limit: all particles lose mass, all quarks are monochromatic, electroweak interactions become long range and are mediated by neutral currents.Absent in all known literature, this book would be the first in describing the dynamics of particle properties and their interactions at different stages in the evolution of the Universe. Presenting both physical and mathematical approaches to various problems, and their applications to the physics of the early Universe, this book will be a valuable addition to the sparse literature on the subject matter.

Explores the origins of the universe from an experimental physicist's perspective, including explaining quarks and leptons, discussing neutrino oscillations, and speculating on string theory.

Particle Physics and High Energy Physics have stagnated since the early 1970s. Now, the underlying principle of reductionism ? so sacred to twentieth-century physics ? is itself being questioned. This book examines these tumultuous developments that are leading to a paradigm shift and a new horizon for Physics.Presenting the new paradigm in fuzzy spacetime, this book is based on some 100 papers published in peer-reviewed journals including Foundations of Physics, Nuovo Cimento and The International Journal of Modern Physics (A&E), as well as two recently published books, The Chaotic Universe (Nova Science, New York) and The Universe of Fluctuations (Springer). The work had predicted correctly in advance epoch-turning observations, for example, that the Universe is accelerating with a small cosmological constant driven by dark energy when the prevalent line of thinking was the exact opposite. Similarly, the prediction of a minimum thermodynamic residual energy in the Universe has also been realized more recently. Further to a unified description of gravitation and electromagnetism via fluctuations, several other features are presented in complete agreement with experiments, in sharp contrast to the present ideas which are neither verifiable nor disprovable.

The field equations of Einstein's General Relativity are solved for an infinite universe with uniform density. One of the three solutions, the Infinite Universe of Einstein and Newton, fits all the data for the Hubble diagram better than the Big Bang. Next, using general relativity and the physics that evolved from Newton, the force of gravity between two massive point particles is found. Utilizing this force and the Infinite Universe of Einstein and Newton model, the net force of gravity on a point particle in arbitrary motion, due the uniform mass distribution of the universe, is calculated by integration. This net force of gravity is found to be equal to the Force of Inertia. These calculations explain Newton's First Law, Newton's Second Law, and the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass. The middle of the book deals with the development of quantum mechanics. Here it is shown that hidden within the classical mechanics of particles there is the phase of a wave, associated with a particle, that moves at the speed of a de Broglie wave. The form of the phase of the wave is developed. Making use of the form of the phase, the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a particle is setup to be solved using an integrating factor. The resulting equation is manipulated directly into the form of the Schrodinger equation. This development requires that the particle Hamilton-Jacobi equation has a solution whenever the Schrodinger equation has a solution and vice versa. The classical wave function is then shown to have exactly the same mathematical properties as the quantum mechanical wave function, including the fact that the absolute value squared of the classical wave function has the mathematical properties of a probability density. However, the interpretation that this is a probability density for the particle is shown not to hold. Lastly, the missing matter problem is resolved by showing that the dynamics and the mass of a spiral galaxy are better and more naturally explained by using ordinary physics with ordinary interacting matter than they are by postulating and using exotic weakly interacting dark matter.