Fully Autonomous Vehicles

This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".

When human drivers let intelligent software take the wheel: the beginning of a new era in personal mobility. “Smart, wide-ranging, [and] nontechnical.” —Los Angeles Times “Anyone who wants to understand what's coming must read this fascinating book.” —Martin Ford, New York Times bestselling author of Rise of the Robots In the year 2014, Google fired a shot heard all the way to Detroit. Google's newest driverless car had no steering wheel and no brakes. The message was clear: cars of the future will be born fully autonomous, with no human driver needed. In the coming decade, self-driving cars will hit the streets, rearranging established industries and reshaping cities, giving us new choices in where we live and how we work and play. In this book, Hod Lipson and Melba Kurman offer readers insight into the risks and benefits of driverless cars and a lucid and engaging explanation of the enabling technology. Recent advances in software and robotics are toppling long-standing technological barriers that for decades have confined self-driving cars to the realm of fantasy. A new kind of artificial intelligence software called deep learning gives cars rapid and accurate visual perception. Human drivers can relax and take their eyes off the road. When human drivers let intelligent software take the wheel, driverless cars will offer billions of people all over the world a safer, cleaner, and more convenient mode of transportation. Although the technology is nearly ready, car companies and policy makers may not be. The authors make a compelling case for why government, industry, and consumers need to work together to make the development of driverless cars our society's next “Apollo moment.”

Since the invention of the modern car in 1886 by Karl Benz, it has been bringing pleasure to every one of us. For nearly 130 years, the automotive industry has been a force for innovation and economic growth. Now, in the 21st century, the pace of innovation is speeding up and the automotive sector is facing a new kind of technological revolution as it approaches "fully autonomous vehicles". Self-driving vehicles clearly impact the experience of passengers. Sooner or later, it may become possible for automobiles to drive autonomously and successfully to their destinations. How will this technology change the relationship between people and their automobiles? How will self-driving vehicles change the transportation sector and our freedom of mobility as we know it today? If autonomous cars succeed, how will they change our world? This book has a focus on autonomous driving from various perspectives; it looks at what an autonomous car is and how it may come to be commonplace on our roads, as well as the factors that could prevent its development and adoption. It also reviews the potential benefits of these vehicles and how they might impact different aspects of our lives. The book also examines the challenges and hurdles that face driverless vehicles and considers some solutions to these obstacles to enable successful market penetration. Aside from the social and economic consequences of autonomous vehicles, this book also emphasizes the technical point of view. It describes the technological inventions and engineering concepts which are necessary to operate self-driving vehicles. In summary, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in driverless cars and makes some projections for the future. Autonomous cars no longer exist merely in the minds of children and science fiction writers. They are real and will be on roads sooner than you think

Autonomous vehicles have attracted a great deal of attention in the media, however there are some inconsistencies between the perception of autonomous vehicles’ capabilities and their actual functions. This book provides an accessible explanation of how autonomous vehicles function, suggesting appropriate regulatory responses to the existing and emerging technology.

What Is Self Driving Car A car that incorporates vehicular automation is referred to as a self-driving car, autonomous vehicle (AV), autonomous car, driver-less car, or robotic car (robo-car). This refers to a ground vehicle that is capable of sensing its surroundings and moving safely with little or no input from a human driver. Other names for a self-driving car include driver-less car, robotic car (robo-car), and autonomous vehicle (AV). How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Self-driving car Chapter 2: Vehicular automation Chapter 3: Velodyne Lidar Chapter 4: Waymo Chapter 5: Mobileye Chapter 6: History of self-driving cars Chapter 7: Apple electric car project Chapter 8: Robotaxi Chapter 9: Tesla Autopilot Chapter 10: Ottomotto Chapter 11: Anthony Levandowski Chapter 12: Self-driving car liability Chapter 13: kar-go Chapter 14: Cruise (autonomous vehicle) Chapter 15: Lane centering Chapter 16: Self-driving truck Chapter 17: Yandex self-driving car Chapter 18: Criticism of Tesla, Inc. Chapter 19: Aurora Innovation Chapter 20: Impact of self-driving cars Chapter 21: Woven Planet Holdings (II) Answering the public top questions about self driving car. (III) Real world examples for the usage of self driving car in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of self driving car' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of self driving car.

Cars have come a long way thanks to technology, from Model T cars to cars that drive themselves. In Self-Driving Cars in the Disruptors in Tech series, readers will discover how autonomous driving technology has and continues to disrupt industries from car manufacturers to city infrastructures. Series includes a table of contents, tech-forward sidebars, a timeline, glossary, index, and author biography.

Elon Musk thought that his company Tesla will have fully autonomous cars ready by the end of 2020. "There are no fundamental challenges left," he said recently. "There are a number of minor issues. And then there's a struggle to solve all these little problems and bring the whole thing together." Although the technology to allow a car to complete a journey without human interference (what the industry calls "level 5 autonomy") can move quickly, the development of a vehicle that can do so safely and legally is another matter. The novelty of autonomous technology is intended to turn our legal and social ties into daily transport. Importantly, without a driver behind the wheel, autonomous vehicles raise concerns about the liability and responsibility for the conduct of the lane. Therefore, this book is structured to answer many questions about autonomous vehicles and make you not only understand all the aspects of this emerging technology, but master the discussions and debates about the following topics: Chapter One: The rise of autonomous vehicles Autonomous vehicles become reality History of Autonomous vehicles Road Items Weights Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International) Chapter Two: Tesla Autopilot AutoPilot AI Advanced Sensor Coverage Wide, Main and Narrow Forward Cameras Wide Main Narrow Forward Looking Side Cameras Rearward Looking Side Cameras Rear View Camera Radar Ultrasonic Sensors Processing Power Increased 40x Tesla Vision Autopilot Navigate on Autopilot Autosteer+ Smart Summon Full Self-Driving Capability From Home To your Destination Chapter Three: A level-by-level explainer of autonomous vehicles Classification System For The Development Of Innovations The J3016 Guidelines Six SAE level Criticism of SAE classification Level 0: No automation Level 1: Driver assistance Level 2: Partial automation Level 3: Conditional automation Level 4: High automation Level 5: Full automation Chapter Four: Main Connectivity Specifications Of Autonomous Vehicles Vehicle-To-Everything Architectures must be both redundant and real-time. The demand for high-speed data would increase only Security and other applications Include external connectivity Autonomous driving efficiency and reliability are non-negotiable More and more electrified cars would need a new approach to safety Next generation Car Design Would Need Miniaturized Solutions Co-creation of the future of mobility Chapter Five: Building Passenger Trust Is Key Technology for self-driving cars is accelerating fast, but our driverless future isn't going anywhere if people don't trust it. rules of the road implicit laws are more challenging The math-based AV safety model What is Sensitive Protection Responsibility? RSS is compatible with other AV systems How are AVs safely sharing the road with human drivers? 01 Safe distance: Don't hit the car in front of you 02 Cutting in: Don't cut it in recklessly 03 Right of Way: Right of way is given, not taken 04 Limited Visibility: Be cautious in areas with limited visibility 05 Avoid Crashes: If you can avoid a crash without causing another one, you must Moving past the miles-driven Improving road safety with RSS today RSS to gain support Baidu Valeo China ITS Alliance RAND Corp. The Arizona Institute for Automated Mobility Joint Research Institutes Chapter Six: The reasons Autonomous vehicles still aren’t on our roads The Gap Between the Invention and The Application Sensors Machine Learning The Open Road Regulations Social Acceptability Chapter Seven: Legal frameworks and other national initiatives The United States European Union Membership United Arab Emirates Japan Australia Chapter Eight: Liability, ethics and human rights implications The novelty of autonomous vehicles The critical debate Autonomy Threats Chapter Nine: Leading opinions on an ethical rollout for autonomous vehicles The Three Laws of Robotics The Ethical Dilemmas of Autonomy The Worst-Case Scenario The Trolley Issue Chapter Ten: Social and economic implications Roads Safety Vehicles Ownership and Vehicles Insurance Jobs Chapter Eleven: Ongoing research and impediments to autonomous vehicle development Research and Development The Social Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles Chapter Twelve: The Sensor Types Drive Autonomous Vehicles Multiple Redundant Sensor Systems Overview of the study SAE Levels Short DESCRIPTIONS No car manufacturer has reached level 3 or higher Which sensors are needed? Camera and LIDAR Systems Cameras Back and 360° cameras Front-Facing Camera Systems RADAR Sensor LiDAR Summary and insight

In the near future, we will witness vehicles with the ability to provide drivers with several advanced safety and performance assistance features. Autonomous technology in ground vehicles will afford us capabilities like intersection collision warning, lane change warning, backup parking, parallel parking aids, and bus precision parking. Providing you with a practical understanding of this technology area, this innovative resource focuses on basic autonomous control and feedback for stopping and steering ground vehicles.Covering sensors, estimation, and sensor fusion to percept the vehicle motion and surrounding objects, this unique book explains the key aspects that makes autonomous vehicle behavior possible. Moreover, you find detailed examples of fusion and Kalman filtering. From maps, path planning, and obstacle avoidance scenarios...to cooperative mobility among autonomous vehicles, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, this forward-looking book presents the most critical topics in the field today.