Fundamentals Of Metallurgical Thermodynamics

This book highlights introduction of thermodynamics; first law, second law, third law of thermodynamics and their applications; concepts of entropy, free energies, thermodynamic equilibrium, thermodynamic activity and fugacity; Maxwell relations; Gibbs-Helmholtz equation; Clausis-Clayperon equation, etc. have been discussed in detail and made easily understandable to the undergraduate students of metallurgy. Thermodynamics involved in formation of different types of solutions (ideal, real and regular solutions) has also been discussed in detail. This book also discusses the applications of various thermodynamic properties in different metallurgical operations. At the end of each and every chapter, different types of typical related problems have also been solved.

Thermodynamics is the very basic science to appreciate all engineering disciplines, more particularly the chemical, metallurgical and mechanical engineering in terms of the efficiencies in various related operations that is why metallurgical thermodynamics has been developed specifically to understand the metallurgical engineering processes and their energy efficiencies. Any change is driven by the potential driving it. Thermodynamics is the tool to appreciate that potential and to assess the related energy efficiency. Hence thermodynamics is the basic tool that helps to assess finally the economics of any metallurgical process. The more one understands it the better. The present book attempts to explain the very basic thermodynamic concepts underlying metallurgical engineering operations and therefore the related economics.

Fundamentals of Metallurgical Processes, Second Edition reviews developments in the design, control, and efficiency of metallurgical processes. Topics covered include thermodynamic functions and solutions as well as experimental and bibliographical methods, heterogeneous reactions, metal extraction, and iron and steelmaking. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with an overview of the fundamentals of thermodynamics (functions, relationships, and behavior of solutions), followed by a discussion on methods of obtaining thermodynamic data from tables and graphs and by experiment. The kinetics of heterogeneous reactions in metallurgy are examined next, with particular reference to heterogeneous catalysis and mass transfer between immiscible liquid phases. The following chapters focus on the extraction of metals from oxides, sulfides, and halides; the production of iron and steel; the structure and properties of slags; slag/metal reactions; and equilibria in iron and steel production. The final chapter consists entirely of solved problems. This monograph will be of interest to metallurgists and materials scientists.

Problems in Metallurgical Thermodynamics and Kinetics provides an illustration of the calculations encountered in the study of metallurgical thermodynamics and kinetics, focusing on theoretical concepts and practical applications. The chapters of this book provide comprehensive account of the theories, including basic and applied numerical examples with solutions. Unsolved numerical examples drawn from a wide range of metallurgical processes are also provided at the end of each chapter. The topics discussed include the three laws of thermodynamics; Clausius-Clapeyron equation; fugacity, activity, and equilibrium constant; thermodynamics of electrochemical cells; and kinetics. This book is beneficial to undergraduate and postgraduate students in universities, polytechnics, and technical colleges.

As product specifications become more demanding, manufacturers require steel with ever more specific functional properties. As a result, there has been a wealth of research on how those properties emerge during steelmaking. Fundamentals of metallurgy summarises this research and its implications for manufacturers. The first part of the book reviews the effects of processing on the properties of metals with a range of chapters on such phenomena as phase transformations, types of kinetic reaction, transport and interfacial phenomena. Authors discuss how these processes and the resulting properties of metals can be modelled and predicted. Part two discusses the implications of this research for improving steelmaking and steel properties. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Fundamentals of metallurgy is an invaluable reference for steelmakers and manufacturers requiring high-performance steels in such areas as automotive and aerospace engineering. It will also be useful for those dealing with non-ferrous metals and alloys, material designers for functional materials, environmentalists and above all, high technology industries designing processes towards materials with tailored properties. Summarises key research and its implications for manufacturers Essential reading for steelmakers and manufacturers Written by leading experts from both industry and academia