Generating Random Networks And Graphs

Generating random networks efficiently and accurately is an important challenge for practical applications, and an interesting question for theoretical study. This book presents and discusses common methods of generating random graphs. It begins with approaches such as Exponential Random Graph Models, where the targeted probability of each network appearing in the ensemble is specified. This section also includes degree-preserving randomisation algorithms, where the aim is to generate networks with the correct number of links at each node, and care must be taken to avoid introducing a bias. Separately, it looks at growth style algorithms (e.g. preferential attachment) which aim to model a real process and then to analyse the resulting ensemble of graphs. It also covers how to generate special types of graphs including modular graphs, graphs with community structure and temporal graphs. The book is aimed at the graduate student or advanced undergraduate. It includes many worked examples and open questions making it suitable for use in teaching. Explicit pseudocode algorithms are included throughout the book to make the ideas straightforward to apply. With larger and larger datasets, it is crucial to have practical and well-understood tools. Being able to test a hypothesis against a properly specified control case is at the heart of the 'scientific method'. Hence, knowledge on how to generate controlled and unbiased random graph ensembles is vital for anybody wishing to apply network science in their research.

This book describes how to correctly and efficiently generate random networks based on certain constraints. Being able to test a hypothesis against a properly specified control case is at the heart of the 'scientific method'.

This classroom-tested text is the definitive introduction to the mathematics of network science, featuring examples and numerous exercises.

The text covers random graphs from the basic to the advanced, including numerous exercises and recommendations for further reading.

The theory of random graphs began in the late 1950s in several papers by Erdos and Renyi. In the late twentieth century, the notion of six degrees of separation, meaning that any two people on the planet can be connected by a short chain of people who know each other, inspired Strogatz and Watts to define the small world random graph in which each site is connected to k close neighbors, but also has long-range connections. At a similar time, it was observed in human social and sexual networks and on the Internet that the number of neighbors of an individual or computer has a power law distribution. This inspired Barabasi and Albert to define the preferential attachment model, which has these properties. These two papers have led to an explosion of research. The purpose of this book is to use a wide variety of mathematical argument to obtain insights into the properties of these graphs. A unique feature is the interest in the dynamics of process taking place on the graph in addition to their geometric properties, such as connectedness and diameter.

With the advent of digital computers more than half a century ago, - searchers working in a wide range of scienti?c disciplines have obtained an extremely powerful tool to pursue deep understanding of natural processes in physical, chemical, and biological systems. Computers pose a great ch- lenge to mathematical sciences, as the range of phenomena available for rigorous mathematical analysis has been enormously expanded, demanding the development of a new generation of mathematical tools. There is an explosive growth of new mathematical disciplines to satisfy this demand, in particular related to discrete mathematics. However, it can be argued that at large mathematics is yet to provide the essential breakthrough to meet the challenge. The required paradigm shift in our view should be compa- ble to the shift in scienti?c thinking provided by the Newtonian revolution over 300 years ago. Studies of large-scale random graphs and networks are critical for the progress, using methods of discrete mathematics, probabil- tic combinatorics, graph theory, and statistical physics. Recent advances in large scale random network studies are described in this handbook, which provides a signi?cant update and extension - yond the materials presented in the “Handbook of Graphs and Networks” published in 2003 by Wiley. The present volume puts special emphasis on large-scale networks and random processes, which deemed as crucial for - tureprogressinthe?eld. Theissuesrelatedtorandomgraphsandnetworks pose very di?cult mathematical questions.

"Graphs. Such a simple idea. Map a problem onto a graph then solve it by searching over the graph or by exploring the structure of the graph. What could be easier? Turns out, however, that working with graphs is a vast and complex field. Keeping up is challenging. To help keep up, you just need an editor who knows most people working with graphs, and have that editor gather nearly 70 researchers to summarize their work with graphs. The result is the book Massive Graph Analytics." — Timothy G. Mattson, Senior Principal Engineer, Intel Corp Expertise in massive-scale graph analytics is key for solving real-world grand challenges from healthcare to sustainability to detecting insider threats, cyber defense, and more. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to massive graph analytics, featuring contributions from thought leaders across academia, industry, and government. Massive Graph Analytics will be beneficial to students, researchers, and practitioners in academia, national laboratories, and industry who wish to learn about the state-of-the-art algorithms, models, frameworks, and software in massive-scale graph analytics.

Complex networks are key to describing the connected nature of the society that we live in. This book, the second of two volumes, describes the local structure of random graph models for real-world networks and determines when these models have a giant component and when they are small-, and ultra-small, worlds. This is the first book to cover the theory and implications of local convergence, a crucial technique in the analysis of sparse random graphs. Suitable as a resource for researchers and PhD-level courses, it uses examples of real-world networks, such as the Internet and citation networks, as motivation for the models that are discussed, and includes exercises at the end of each chapter to develop intuition. The book closes with an extensive discussion of related models and problems that demonstratemodern approaches to network theory, such as community structure and directed models.