Genetic Polymorphisms

This book discusses the role of genetic polymorphism in susceptibility to cancers. The book explores the understanding of differences between the genetic polymorphisms and mutations.It reviews the mechanisms underlying the effect of polymorphism in genes encoding proteins that play an essential role in metabolism, signal transduction, cell cycle, and DNA repair mechanisms. Further, it investigates various techniques that are used for analyzing the genetic polymorphisms. The book contains many chapters which summarize the importance of genetic information obtained from polymorphism-based pharmaco-genetic tests to predict better drug response and life-threatening adverse reactions to chemotherapeutic agents, help in understanding of the impact of SNPs on gene function, and gives overview of the different SNP databases for examination. This book, therefore, serves as an essential guidebook for independent researchers as well as institutions working in this specialised field.

The objective of this Genetic Polymorphisms book is to rehighlight and provide few updates on the role of genetic polymorphisms in medicine and agriculture, which void emerging opinion on "full death" of genetic polymorphisms as useful genetic markers. Chapters presented here demonstrate the future benefit of SNPs in many genetic studies as well as prognosis disease and diagnosis.

Genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of phenotypic variations and may modulate the risk to or even cause various diseases including genetic disorders and multifactorial diseases. Genetic polymorphisms also serve as important genetic, population and evolutionary markers that allow the study of genetic and evolutionary aspects of individuals, populations and organisms and aid in tracing the evolutionary and parental lineages. Genetic polymorphisms in low penetrance genes are responsible for the alterations in the gene expression of critical signal transduction proteins and metabolic enzymes. Some of these polymorphisms are linked to increased susceptibility to various diseases especially cancers, cardiovascular diseases, immune disorders, neurological pathologies. This book collates the reviews on the roles played by polymorphisms in critical metabolic, signal transduction, cell cycle or DNA repair genes either directly or indirectly in the disease mechanisms. The focus is on various techniques for identifying the various Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Polymorphism studies document the affect SNPs, and their expressions have upon the functionality of the enzymes, proteins. Key Features Describes the genetic polymorphism and its various types Discusses the role of genetic polymorphisms in modulating the risk of various human diseases Explores various molecular techniques used for detecting GPs Characterizes the role of SNPs in modulating the susceptibility of human diseases Provides a genetic basis for individual variations in response to therapeutics

Genetic Polymorphisms and Susceptibity to Disease provides a reference for established researchers in genetic research. The book provides a broad but thorough overview of how allelic gene differences influence disease susceptibility in the human population, and will be a useful reference to researchers across a range of disciplines, for example, on

The book in your hands presents chapters revealing the magnitude of genetic polymorphisms that exist in different kinds of living beings. Natural populations contain a considerable amount of genetic change, which provides a genomic flexibility that can be used as a raw material for adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The analysis of genetic polymorphisms provides information about DNA sequence changes at a given locus. The increasing availability of PCR-based molecular markers allows for the detailed analyses and the detection of genetic changes influencing some important traits. The purpose of this book is to provide a glimpse into the dynamic process of genetic polymorphisms by presenting the thoughts of scientists engaged in the generation of new ideas and techniques employed for the assessment of genetic polymorphisms. The book should prove useful to students, researchers and experts in the area of molecular genetics.

This book provides a glimpse into the dynamic process of genetic polymorphism by presenting studies carried out on different kinds of organisms at the DNA level or gene expression level. Chapters address such topics as genetic polymorphism in animals, gametocyte biomarkers, thrombotic disorders, prostate cancer, and more.

Our genes determine to a large extent who we are and why we are different from others. In this book, Hippokratis Kiaris explores how various genetic polymorphisms in different ethnic populations may affect the development of distinct cultures and eventually historical decisions. It should be read by anybody interested in history, anthropology, behavior, psychology or genetics. The reader will find clues linking together these scientific disciplines and how such genetically determined behavioral traits may play an undervalued, as yet, role in shaping historical outcomes. The book initially describes some basic concepts on genetics and proceeds with an outline of human evolution, the journey of early humans Out-of-Africa, and the colonization of Earth by different human populations that eventually resulted in the development of different cultures. Then, by focusing on the two major prototype cultural lines, the Eastern and the Western, the author discusses differences in the corresponding civilizations in view of specific genetic polymorphisms that affect behavior and differ in frequencies between people of Asian and European origin. Finally, in view of the contemporary increasing tendency for cultural globalization, the book attempts to predict future trends on cultures and behavioral patterns. In this revised and extended second edition new data are included and new chapters, focusing on how sets of genes, as opposed to individual ones, coexist in different populations and may potentially impact cultural divergence throughout history.

This important book uses selected molecules expressed on erythrocytes, lymphocytes, platelets and granulocytes to illustrate how genetic polymorphisms and variations in these molecules can affect their structure and function in mature human blood cells. The examples described tend to have a clinical association. Human blood group antigens and HLA antigens are classic examples of genetic polymorphism and they are important in blood transfusion and organ transplantation, respectively. In common with the blood group antigens, the polymorphic and variant antigens on platelets and granulocytes can be targets for antibodies in feto-maternal antigen incompatibility and transfusion reactions. Certain inherited haemolytic anaemias can be attributed to some of the polymorphic and variant forms of erythrocyte anion transport protein, spectrin, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which exhibit abnormal structural or functional properties. Similarly, the study of cytokine gene polymorphism can provide a further understanding of the immune/inflammatory diseases and allogeneic transplantation./a