Gigantic Challenges Nano Solutions

For the past three decades, nanoscale science and engineering have provided many systems with unique and unprecedented properties, illustrating that these will definitely determine the trajectory of science and technology for years to come. This book is the first textbook to introduce nanoscale systems in a pedagogical, and not research, style. Through ample examples and problems, it emphasizes the difference between bulk and nanoscale systems from a thermodynamic viewpoint and illustrates the process when a bulk system enters the nanoscale domain. It also brings together results of state-of-the-art research and provides the reader with the scientific foundations of such results. It introduces the fundamental thermodynamic treatment of nanoscale systems as well as the structure, properties, and performance of the three different types of fullerenes, namely, spherical, cylindrical, and planar or graphene. In addition, it discusses 2-D materials systems based on such building blocks. Finally, it shows the thermodynamic criteria allowing nanoscale performance in physically huge systems.

For the past three decades, nanoscale science and engineering have provided many systems with unique and unprecedented properties, illustrating that these will definitely determine the trajectory of science and technology for years to come. This book is the first textbook to introduce nanoscale systems in a pedagogical, and not research, style. Through ample examples and problems, it emphasizes the difference between bulk and nanoscale systems from a thermodynamic viewpoint and illustrates the process when a bulk system enters the nanoscale domain. It also brings together results of state-of-the-art research and provides the reader with the scientific foundations of such results. It introduces the fundamental thermodynamic treatment of nanoscale systems as well as the structure, properties, and performance of the three different types of fullerenes, namely, spherical, cylindrical, and planar or graphene. In addition, it discusses 2-D materials systems based on such building blocks. Finally, it shows the thermodynamic criteria allowing nanoscale performance in physically huge systems.

Nanoelectronics and Photonics provides a fundamental description of the core elements and problems of advanced and future information technology. The authoritative book collects a series of tutorial chapters from leaders in the field covering fundamental topics from materials to devices and system architecture, and bridges the fundamental laws of physics and chemistry of materials at the atomic scale with device and circuit design and performance requirements.

This book focuses on green nanoremediation addressing aspects related to the use of nanomaterials generated through green synthesis protocols to efficiently restore polluted environs. Nanomaterials’ characteristics such as large surface area, capacity to easily reach into contaminated sites, good reactivity, and possibility of being developed to present photocatalytic activity and/or to deal with targeted substances by chemical surface modification are useful specially to perform remediation. As an alternative to conventional physicochemical methods, the green-based synthesis protocols reject the use of harmful reagents, prevent waste production, apply renewable energy source and/or materials, and consider in first place offering the smallest negative impact possible to living beings and to the ecosystem. Green synthesis in nanotechnology field involves the use of seaweeds, bacteria, cyanobacteria, yeasts, fungi, plants (living ones, biomass, extracts) and/or bio-derived products to generate the nanomaterials. The introductory chapter will be dedicated to nanomaterials’ characteristics that enable them to be used in environmental remediation. The first part of the book will be dedicated to organic and inorganic pollution and the threats they pose to living forms; advantages, disadvantages and mechanisms of nanoremediation; comparison between conventional strategies of environmental pollution remediation and the green nanoremediation; carbon-based and non-carbon-based green nanomaterials capable of promoting environs’ remediation; cost/benefits of using nanomaterials and nanoinformatics to a safe nanotechnology. The second part will be dedicated to green nanoremediation of water and soil, microbe-based, algae-based and plant-based synthesis of nanomaterials to nanoremediation. This part will also contain chapters dedicated to relevant nanomaterials for green nanoremediation protocols, nano-phytoremediation strategies, strategies to evaluate the efficiency of protocols related to this kind of remediation, main interactions of green nanomaterials and microbes during nanoremediation and, as a consequence of it, biocompatibility of green nanomaterials. This book’s main purpose is to offer readers extensive knowledge on green nanoremediation as a feasible strategy to fight pollution's harmful consequences and clean environmental pollution, but also present the challenges that should be surpassed.

This book embodies the potentials of nanobiotechnology-based water treatment techniques to provide a solid understanding of the subjects. Starting with a refresher of the basic conventional technologies which are now been integrated with nanomaterials for an efficient, viable, and eco-friendly treatment of contaminated water. The book covers various physical, chemical, and hybrid methods of nanobiomaterial synthesis and their fabrication for characterizing existing techniques. The book gives special attention to those nanotechnology-based approaches that promise easier, faster, and cheaper processes in contaminants monitoring and their treatment. Several case studies explain in an easy to understand format how employing nanobiomaterials as an indicator and analytical tool will enable students to learn about cleaning up the environment.

Aquatic Contamination Authoritative resource presenting techniques and technologies to sustainably neutralize environmental contamination in aquatic plants, microorganisms, and more Two thirds of the Earth is covered with aquatic habitats that play a key role in stabilizing the global environment and providing a wide variety of services to increasing human needs. Nevertheless, anthropogenic activities are rapidly destroying the quality of both fresh and marine waters globally, due to excessive use of chemicals, fertilizers and pollution from suburban and industrial areas eventually making their way into the aquatic world. Aquatic Contamination: Tolerance and Bioremediation presents the broader spectrum of biological applicability of microbes with better understanding of cellular mechanisms for remediation of aquatic contaminants. The book also focuses on practices involved in molecular and genetic approaches, necessary to achieve targets of bioremediation and phytoremediation to solve global water contamination problems. Such approaches pave the way for the utilization of biological assets to design new, efficient, and environmentally sound remediation strategies by inculcating genomic techniques at cellular and molecular levels with model assessment. Aquatic Contamination provides a comprehensive background for readers interested in all perspectives of the contamination of aquatic environs. It covers various research aspects which are being carried out globally to understand simulation models in the assessment of xenobiotics, role of genomics, transgenic plants, and microbial enzymes for degradation and removal of toxic substances in aquatic environs. Key features include: Extensive coverage of interactions between plants, metals and microbes including the influence of biotic and abiotic factors Comprehensive discussion of the details of molecular mechanisms from assimilation to detoxification levels Exploration of the enzymatic approaches of potential plants acting as hyper-accumulators for contaminants in aquatic environs Details of sustainable tools such as transgenic plants for the manipulation of important functional microbial genes to achieve higher certainty of bioremediation Details of advances in tools and models like micro-arrays and simulation models for the complete assessment of xenobiotic compounds from cellular to degradation hierarchies Aquatic Contamination: Tolerance and Bioremediation will be substantially helpful to environmentalists, microbiologists, biotechnologists and scientists, providing essential information on various modern technologies for the remediation of contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.

21st Century Nanoscience - A Handbook: Public Policy, Education, and Global Trends (Volume 10) will be the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field of nanoscience. Its predecessor, Handbook of Nanophysics, by the same editor was published in the fall of 2010 and was embraced as the first comprehensive reference to consider both fundamental and applied aspects of nanophysics. This follow-up project has been conceived as a necessary expansion and full update that considers the significant advances made in the field since 2010. It goes well beyond the physics as warranted by recent developments in the field. This tenth volume in a ten-volume set covers nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, and nanoplasmonics. Key Features: Provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field. Chapters written by international experts in the field. Emphasizes presentation and real results and applications. This handbook distinguishes itself from other works by its breadth of coverage, readability and timely topics. The intended readership is very broad, from students and instructors to engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, biomedical researchers, industry professionals, governmental scientists, and others whose work is impacted by nanotechnology. It will be an indispensable resource in academic, government, and industry libraries worldwide. The fields impacted by nanophysics extend from materials science and engineering to biotechnology, biomedical engineering, medicine, electrical engineering, pharmaceutical science, computer technology, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, food science, and beyond.

The book is designed as an introduction for engineers and researchers wishing to obtain a fundamental knowledge and a snapshot in time of the cutting edge in technology research. As a natural consequence, Nano and Giga Challenges is also an essential reference for the "gurus" wishing to keep abreast of the latest directions and challenges in microelectronic technology development and future trends. The combination of viewpoints presented within the book can help to foster further research and cross-disciplinary interaction needed to surmount the barriers facing future generations of technology design. Key Features: • Quickly becoming the hottest topic of the new millennium (2.4 billion dollars funding in US alone • Current status and future trends of micro and nanoelectronics research • Written by leading experts in the corresponding research areas • Excellent tutorial for graduate students and reference for "gurus"