Global Innovation Index 2021

The Global Innovation Index 2021 takes the pulse of the most recent global innovation trends and ranks the innovation ecosystem performance of 132 economies, while highlighting innovation strengths and weaknesses and particular gaps in innovation metrics. In its new Global Innovation Tracker section, the report draws on a select set of indicators, including the effects on research and development expenditures or access to innovation finance, to provide a perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on global innovation performance.

The Global Innovation Index 2021 takes the pulse of the most recent global innovation trends and ranks the innovation ecosystem performance of 132 economies, while highlighting innovation strengths and weaknesses and particular gaps in innovation metrics. In its new Global Innovation Tracker section, the report draws on a select set of indicators, including the effects on research and development expenditures or access to innovation finance, to provide a perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on global innovation performance.

The Global Innovation Index 2020 provides detailed metrics about the innovation performance of 131 countries and economies around the world. Its 80 indicators explore a broad vision of innovation, including political environment, education, infrastructure and business sophistication. The 2020 edition sheds light on the state of innovation financing by investigating the evolution of financing mechanisms for entrepreneurs and other innovators, and by pointing to progress and remaining challenges – including in the context of the economic slowdown induced by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis.

The Global Innovation Index 2021 takes the pulse of the most recent global innovation trends and ranks the innovation ecosystem performance of 132 economies, while highlighting innovation strengths and weaknesses and particular gaps in innovation metrics. In its new Global Innovation Tracker section, the report draws on a select set of indicators, including the effects on research and development expenditures or access to innovation finance, to provide a perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on global innovation performance.

The Global Innovation Index ranks the innovation performance of 141 countries and economies around the world, based on 79 indicators. This edition explores the impact of innovation-oriented policies on economic growth and development. High-income and developing countries alike are seeking innovation-driven growth through different strategies. Some countries are successfully improving their innovation capacity, while others still struggle.

The Global Innovation Index ranks the innovation performance of 143 countries and economies around the world, based on 81 indicators. This edition explores the role of the individuals and teams behind the innovation process. It sheds light on different aspects of human capital required to achieve innovation, including skilled labor; the intersection of human, financial and technological capital; talent retention; and the mobilization of highly educated people.

In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.

This book introduces environmental, social and governance (ESG) investment and clarifies its characteristics as financial securities. It is forecasted that companies’ ESG information will be reflected in their corporate value as much as their financial information is in the future. The special feature of this book is to reveal the characteristics and impact of ESG investment using various quantitative analyses (e.g. EGARCH, asymmetric DCC, copula, VaR, connectedness, dynamic spillover). This book focuses on the relationship between some ESG indexes and the other economic variables, particularly in light of the recent economic environment (e.g. Global Financial Crisis, COIVID-19 pandemic, crude oil price crash). Readers can grasp a larger picture of ESG investment through a survey of its history and current status, predictions of its future, and interpretation of various empirical analysis results.