Gresham S Law

Thomas Gresham was arguably the first true wizard of global finance. He rose through the mercantile worlds of London and Antwerp to become the hidden power behind three out of the five Tudor monarchs. Today his name is remembered in economic doctrines, in the institutions he founded and in the City of London's position at the economic centre of the earth. Without Gresham, England truly might have become a vassal state. His manoeuvring released Elizabeth from a crushing burden of debt and allowed for vital military preparations during the wars of religion that set Europe ablaze. Yet his deepest loyalties have remained enigmatic, until now. Drawing on vast new research and several startling discoveries, the great Tudor historian John Guy recreates Gresham's life and singular personality with astonishing intimacy. He reveals a calculating survivor, flexible enough to do business with merchants and potentates no matter their religious or ideological convictions. Yet his personal relationships were disturbingly transactional. He was a figure of cold unsentimentality even to members of his own family. Elizabeth I found herself at odds with Gresham's ambitions. In their collisions and wary accommodations, we see our own conflicts between national sovereignty and global capital foreshadowed. A story of adventure and jeopardy, greed and cunning, loyalties divided, mistaken or betrayed, this is a biography fit for a merchant prince.

In this volume, Charles Kindleberger makes a powerful case against the idea that any one model could be used to unlock the basic secret of economic history. It is essentially an exercise in methodology, addressed to economists and economic historians alike. He argues that too many economists discover a relationship or a uniformity in economic behaviour, develop a model, and use it to explain more than it is capable of, including, on occasion, all economic behaviour. These lectures discuss four 'laws' in economics to show how uniformities can illuminate economic history in particular aspects. They illustrate the view that the economist or economic historian seeking to test analysis against historical data should have a variety of different models, and not just one. The implication is that however scientific and technical the tools, choosing them carefully to fit particular circumstances is itself an art.

PART-A : MONEY1 1. Definition and Functions of Money, 2. Nature and Importance of Money, 3. Classification of Money, 4. Supply of Money and High Powered Money, 5. Gresham’s Law, 6. Value of Money and Index Number, 7. Quantity Theory of Money, 8. Inflation and Deflation, 9. Finance : Meaning, Role, Objectives and Kinds, 10. Financial System : Meaning, Components and Importance, 11. Financial Intermediaries, 12. Financial Market : Instrument and their Functions, 13. Gold Standard : Forms, 14. International Gold Standard, PART-B : BANKING & FINANCIAL SYSTEM 1. History of the Development of Indian Banking System, 2. Bank : Definition and Functions, 3. Classification and Importance of Banks, 4. Organisation of commercial Banks, 5. State Bank of India, 6. Investment Policy of Commercial Banks, 7. Defects and Economic Reforms of Indian Banking System, 8. Electronic Banking, 9. Credit, Credit Instruments and Credit Creation, 10 . Indian Banking Legislation Banking Regulation Act, 1949, 11 . Regional Rural Banks, 12. Co-operative Banks, 13. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development- NABARD, 14. Central Banking or Apex Banking, 15. Reserve Bank of India, 16. Credit Control Polity of the Reserve Bank of India, 17. Monetary Policy, 18. Institutional Financial Institutions, 19. Balance Sheet of a Bank, 20. International Monetary Fund, 21. World Bank and other International Financial Institutions, 22. Interest Rates, 23. Inflation and Interest Rates in India, 24. Problems and Policies of Allocation of Institutional Credit, 25. Operations of Conflicting Pressure before and after Bank Nationalisation

PART-A : MONEY 1. Definition and Functions of Money, 2. Nature and Importance of Money, 3 . Classification of Money, 4. Supply of Money and High Powered Money, 5. Gresham’s Law, 6. Value of Money and Index Number, 7. Quantity Theory of Money, 8. Inflation and Deflation, 9. Finance : Meaning, Role, Objectives and Kinds, 10. Financial System : Meaning, Components and Importance, 11. Financial Intermediaries, 12. Financial Market : Instrument and their Functions. PART-B : BANKING & FINANCIAL SYSTEM 1. History of the Development of Indian Banking System, 2 . Bank : Definition and Functions, 3. Classification and Importance of Banks, 4. Organisation of commercial Banks, 5. State Bank of India, 6. Investment Policy of Commercial Banks, 7. Defects and Economic Reforms of Indian Banking System, 8. Electronic Banking, 9. Credit, Credit Instruments and Credit Creation, 10. Indian Banking Legislation Banking Regulation Act, 1949, 11. Regional Rural Banks, 12. Co-operative Banks, 13. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development- NABARD, 14. Central Banking or Apex Banking, 15. Reserve Bank of India, 16. Credit Control Polity of the Reserve Bank of India, 17. Monetary Policy, 18. Institutional Financial Institutions, 19. Institutional Financial Institutions, 20. International Monetary Fund, 21. World Bank and other International Financial Institutions, 22. Interest Rates, 23. Inflation and Interest Rates in India, 24. Problems and Policies of Allocation of Institutional Credit, 25. Operations of Conflicting Pressure before and after Bank Nationalisation.