Groups And Symmetries

This is a gentle introduction to the vocabulary and many of the highlights of elementary group theory. Written in an informal style, the material is divided into short sections, each of which deals with an important result or a new idea. Includes more than 300 exercises and approximately 60 illustrations.

- Combines material from many areas of mathematics, including algebra, geometry, and analysis, so students see connections between these areas - Applies material to physics so students appreciate the applications of abstract mathematics - Assumes only linear algebra and calculus, making an advanced subject accessible to undergraduates - Includes 142 exercises, many with hints or complete solutions, so text may be used in the classroom or for self study

This nicely produced volume focuses on the informal analysis of geometrical patterns. By means of a series of carefully selected tasks, the book leads readers to discover some real mathematics. There are no formulas to memorize and no procedures to follow. It is a guide to start you in the right direction and bring you back if you stray too far. Discovery is left to you.

Symmetries, coupled with the mathematical concept of group theory, are an essential conceptual backbone in the formulation of quantum field theories capable of describing the world of elementary particles. This primer is an introduction to and survey of the underlying concepts and structures needed in order to understand and handle these powerful tools. Specifically, in Part I of the book the symmetries and related group theoretical structures of the Minkowskian space-time manifold are analyzed, while Part II examines the internal symmetries and their related unitary groups, where the interactions between fundamental particles are encoded as we know them from the present standard model of particle physics. This book, based on several courses given by the authors, addresses advanced graduate students and non-specialist researchers wishing to enter active research in the field, and having a working knowledge of classical field theory and relativistic quantum mechanics. Numerous end-of-chapter problems and their solutions will facilitate the use of this book as self-study guide or as course book for topical lectures.

The book presents the main approaches in study of algebraic structures of symmetries in models of theoretical and mathematical physics, namely groups and Lie algebras and their deformations. It covers the commonly encountered quantum groups (including Yangians). The second main goal of the book is to present a differential geometry of coset spaces that is actively used in investigations of models of quantum field theory, gravity and statistical physics. The third goal is to explain the main ideas about the theory of conformal symmetries, which is the basis of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The theory of groups and symmetries is an important part of theoretical physics. In elementary particle physics, cosmology and related fields, the key role is played by Lie groups and algebras corresponding to continuous symmetries. For example, relativistic physics is based on the Lorentz and Poincare groups, and the modern theory of elementary particles — the Standard Model — is based on gauge (local) symmetry with the gauge group SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1). This book presents constructions and results of a general nature, along with numerous concrete examples that have direct applications in modern theoretical and mathematical physics. Contents: Preface Groups and Transformations Lie Groups Lie Algebras Representations of Groups and Lie Algebras Compact Lie Algebras Root Systems and Classification of Simple Lie Algebras Homogeneous Spaces and their Geometry Solutions to Selected Problems Selected Bibliography References Index Readership: Graduate students and researchers in theoretical physics and mathematical physics. Keywords: Lie Groups;Lie Algebras;Representation Theory;Conformal Symmetries;Yangians;Coset Spaces;Differential Geometry;Casimir Operators;Root Systems;AdS Spaces;Lobachevskian GeometryReview:0

Symmetry: An Introduction to Group Theory and its Application is an eight-chapter text that covers the fundamental bases, the development of the theoretical and experimental aspects of the group theory. Chapter 1 deals with the elementary concepts and definitions, while Chapter 2 provides the necessary theory of vector spaces. Chapters 3 and 4 are devoted to an opportunity of actually working with groups and representations until the ideas already introduced are fully assimilated. Chapter 5 looks into the more formal theory of irreducible representations, while Chapter 6 is concerned largely with quadratic forms, illustrated by applications to crystal properties and to molecular vibrations. Chapter 7 surveys the symmetry properties of functions, with special emphasis on the eigenvalue equation in quantum mechanics. Chapter 8 covers more advanced applications, including the detailed analysis of tensor properties and tensor operators. This book is of great value to mathematicians, and math teachers and students.

This book is a sequel to the book by the same authors entitled Theory of Groups and Symmetries: Finite Groups, Lie Groups, and Lie Algebras.The presentation begins with the Dirac notation, which is illustrated by boson and fermion oscillator algebras and also Grassmann algebra. Then detailed account of finite-dimensional representations of groups SL(2, C) and SU(2) and their Lie algebras is presented. The general theory of finite-dimensional irreducible representations of simple Lie algebras based on the construction of highest weight representations is given. The classification of all finite-dimensional irreducible representations of the Lie algebras of the classical series sℓ(n, C), so(n, C) and sp(2r, C) is exposed.Finite-dimensional irreducible representations of linear groups SL(N, C) and their compact forms SU(N) are constructed on the basis of the Schur-Weyl duality. A special role here is played by the theory of representations of the symmetric group algebra C[Sr] (Schur-Frobenius theory, Okounkov-Vershik approach), based on combinatorics of Young diagrams and Young tableaux. Similar construction is given for pseudo-orthogonal groups O(p, q) and SO(p, q), including Lorentz groups O(1, N-1) and SO(1, N-1), and their Lie algebras, as well as symplectic groups Sp(p, q). The representation theory of Brauer algebra (centralizer algebra of SO(p, q) and Sp(p, q) groups in tensor representations) is discussed.Finally, the covering groups Spin(p, q) for pseudo-orthogonal groups SO↑(p, q) are studied. For this purpose, Clifford algebras in spaces Rp, q are introduced and representations of these algebras are discussed.

Symmetries and Groups in Signal Processing: An Introduction deals with the subject of symmetry, and with its place and role in modern signal processing. In the sciences, symmetry considerations and related group theoretic techniques have had a place of central importance since the early twenties. In engineering, however, a matching recognition of their power is a relatively recent development. Despite that, the related literature, in the form of journal papers and research monographs, has grown enormously. A proper understanding of the concepts that have emerged in the process requires a mathematical background that goes beyond what is traditionally covered in an engineering undergraduate curriculum. Admittedly, there is a wide selection of excellent introductory textbooks on the subject of symmetry and group theory. But they are all primarily addressed to students of the sciences and mathematics, or to students of courses in mathematics. Addressed to students with an engineering background, this book is meant to help bridge the gap.