Hemocompatibility Of Biomaterials For Clinical Applications

Hemocompatibility of Biomaterials for Clinical Applications: Blood-Biomaterials Interactions summarizes the state-of-the-art on this important subject. The first part of the book reviews the latest research on blood composition and response, mechanisms of coagulation, test standards and methods. Next, the book assesses techniques for modifying biomaterial surfaces and developing coatings to improve hemocompatibility. In the final sections, users will find discussions on ways to improve the hemocompatibility of particular classes of biomaterials and a review of methods for improving medical devices. Provides comprehensive information on the fundamentals of hemocompatibility and new technologies Combines research in the biomaterials field in a digestible format for clinical applications Provides a complete overview biomaterials in current use and test methods

Biomaterials science has advanced dramatically in the past 50 years with the increased cooperation between engineers chemists and biologists. Whilst previously biomaterials may have been erroneously thought to encompass dressing materials or implant structures designed to replace damaged or diseased tissue, the range of clinical applications of these materials is immense. Truly "Smart" biomaterials, which have the ability to recognise, respond to and even record their environment, now exist. The presentations in this volume reflect the true inter-disciplinary nature of biomaterials science; with contributions from polymer chemists, engineers, biologists and clinicians. The presentations show the potential of these collaborations and describe how advanced biomaterials have and are being employed not only in theraputic applications, but also increasingly in diagnosis and treatment in medical science.

This book covers the properties of biomaterials that have found wide clinical applications, while also reviewing the state-of-the-art in the development towards future medical applications, starting with a brief introduction to the history of biomaterials used in hip arthroplasty. The book then reviews general types of biomaterials – polymers, ceramics, and metals, as well as different material structures such as porous materials and coatings and their applications – before exploring various current research trends, such as biodegradable and porous metals, shape memory alloys, bioactive biomaterials and coatings, and nanometals used in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. In turn, the book discusses a range of methods and approaches used in connection with biomaterial properties and characterization – chemical properties, biocompatibility, in vivo behaviour characterisation, as well as genotoxicity and mutagenicity – and reviews various diagnostic techniques: histopathological analysis, imagining techniques, and methods for physicochemical and spectroscopic characterization. Properties of stent deployment procedures in cardiovascular surgeries, from aspects of prediction, development and deployment of stent geometries are presented on the basis of novel modelling approaches. The last part of the book presents the clinical applications of biomaterials, together with case studies in dentistry, knee and hip prosthesis. Reflecting the efforts of a multidisciplinary team of authors, gathering chemical engineers, medical doctors, physicists and engineers, it presents a rich blend of perspectives on the application of biomaterials in clinical practice. The book will provide clinicians with an essential review of currently available solutions in specific medical areas, also incorporating non-medical solutions and standpoints, thus offering them a broader selection of materials and implantable solutions. This work is the result of joint efforts of various academic and research institutions participating in WIMB Tempus project, 543898-TEMPUS-1-2013-1-ES-TEMPUS-JPHES, "Development of Sustainable Interrelations between Education, Research and Innovation at WBC Universities in Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials where Innovation Means Business", co-funded by the Tempus Programme of the European Union.

Biomaterials for Clinical Applications is organized according to the World Health Organization’s report of the top 11 causes of death worldwide, and lays out opportunities for both biomaterials scientists and physicians to tackle each of these leading contributors to mortality. The introductory chapter discusses the global burden of disease. Each of the subsequent eleven chapters focuses on a specific disease process, beginning with the leading cause of death worldwide, cardiovascular disease. The chapters start with describing diseases where clinical needs are most pressing, and then envisions how biomaterials can be designed to address these needs, instead of the more technologically centered approached favored by most books in the field. This book, then, should appeal to chemical engineers and bioengineers who are designing new biomaterials for drug delivery and vaccine delivery, as well as tissue engineering.

Encyclopedic presentation of the clinical applications of biomaterials from markets and advanced concepts to pharmaceutical applications and blood compatibility.

This book distinguishes between biomaterials for clinical use, and medical devices or components of devices. Biomaterials are defined as substances which can be placed in intimate contact with living structures without harmful effects. They become devices (internal or external to the body) when processed or shaped to serve a specific function. Implants are a subclass of devices which need to be located inside the body to achieve their purpose.

Encyclopedic presentation of the clinical applications of biomaterials from markets and advanced concepts to pharmaceutical applications and blood compatibility.

Despite the huge impact that biomaterials have had on patients' quality of life, improvements in device performance and the development of alternatives to augment available therapies are continuously being sought. This book explores the development and application of biomaterials over the past 25 years, examining the current clinical demand, the scientific rationale, and the technical challenges to be overcome. Furthermore, this book introduces the blood components involved in hemostasis and thrombosis, followed by the common biomaterials applied in blood-contacting devices. The complications induced by the interactions between blood and biomaterials is also briefly addressed, as well as the commonly used techniques for improving biomaterials' hemocompatibility. In addition, the authors give some valuable insight into calcium orthophosphate cements and concretes, as excellent biomaterials suitable for both dental and bone grafting application. Despite the growth of potential hydrogel based therapies, the route to market for new products is constrained by the need to develop an appropriate regulatory and metrological framework under which they will be assessed. This book outlines the role that metrology has to play in the regulation of emerging hydrogel-based therapies and detail possible strategies for assessing their safety and effectiveness. Other chapters examine the surface of CoCrMo alloy prior and after exposure into different solutions simulating oral conditions, recent research on delivery of gold nanoparticles inside the cells and their potential applications in nanomedicine, and the widely used biomedical applications for hydrogels.