Human Trafficking And Forced Labour Exploitation

This guide proposes a multi-faceted approach to combating and preventing human trafficking, by including a broad range of useful legal frameworks as well as institutional actors. If offers lawmakers and law enforcement authorities (both police and labour inspectors) with practical aid to understand and implement international standards on human trafficking and to take action accordingly, in particular from the viewpoint of forced labour and child labour. The broad spectrum of sanctions - criminal, administrative and civil - are highlighted and the guide demonstrates the importance of immigration and labour law, especially with regard to the identification, protection and rehabilitation of victims as well as the monitoring of recruiters and other auxiliaries.

This edited volume examines contemporary global discourses on trafficking, forced labor and modern slavery from a variety of perspectives.

The 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations (UN) Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, is a noteworthy achievement and, crucially, provides the first internationally agreed definition of the human trafficking. However, it fails to provide clarity as to the exact scope and meaning of exploitation. Instead, it provides an open-ended list of forms of exploitation that ''at a minimum'' amount to exploitation. The international definition's preference for an enumerative approach has subsequently been replicated in most regional and domestic legal instruments. In the absence of a clear definition of exploitation, it is difficult to draw the line between exploitation in terms of violations of labour rights and extreme forms of exploitation such as those listed in the UN Protocol; namely, forced or compulsory labour, practices similar to slavery and slavery. This book addresses this legal gap by seeking to conceptualise labour exploitation in criminal law. The book uses exploitation theory to understand its application in law. The legal and theoretical analysis of exploitation first identifies the foundational elements of exploitation and then applies them to a comparative, empirical, domestic criminal case law analysis of two European national legal orders: Belgium and England & Wales. The book concludes with a proposition for a legal conceptualisation of labour exploitation that identifies the necessary and sufficient conditions that are required to determine whether or not the involuntary provision of work or services amounts to labour exploitation. The book's presentation of an evidence-based conceptualisation of labour exploitation is not only of added value for scholars but also for legal practitioners, policy makers and civil society representatives who are required to interpret and apply human trafficking law policy and practice in order to determine the existence (or not) of exploitative working conditions.

Although much literature on human trafficking focuses on sex trafficking, a great deal of human trafficking results from migrant workers, compelled - by economic deprivation in their home countries - to seek better life opportunities abroad, especially in agriculture, construction and domestic work. Such labour migration is sometimes legal and well managed, but sometimes not so – with migrant workers frequently threatened or coerced into entering debt bondage arrangements and ending up working in forced labour situations producing goods for illicit markets. This book fills a substantial gap in the existing literature given that labour trafficking is a much more subtle form of exploitation than sex trafficking. It discusses how far large multinational corporations are involved, whether intentionally or unintentionally, in human trafficking for the purposes of labour exploitation. They explore how far corporations are driven to seek cheap labour by the need to remain commercially competitive and examine how the problem often lies with corporations’ subcontractors, who are not as well controlled as they might be. The essays in the volume also outline and assess measures being taken by governments and international agencies to eradicate the problem.

This edited volume, Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking, is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of modern slavery and human trafficking. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the aforementioned research area. Each chapter is complete in itself but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors on modern slavery and human trafficking, and opening new possible research paths for further novel developments.

What is human trafficking? Despite legislative developments and national and international interventions, we still lack firm definitions, estimates of its full extent, effective responses to perpetrators and sound survivor care. This volume critically examines the competing discourses surrounding human trafficking, the conceptual basis of global responses and the impact of these horrific acts worldwide.

Over the last decade, the world’s largest corporations – from The Coca Cola Company to Amazon, Apple to Unilever – have taken up the cause of combatting modern slavery. Yet, by most measures, across many sectors and regions, severe labour exploitation continues to soar. Corporate social responsibility is not working. Why? In this landmark book, Genevieve LeBaron lifts the lid on a labour governance regime that is severely flawed and limited. She takes a close-up look at the millions of corporate dollars spent on anti-slavery networks, NGO partnerships, lobbying for new transparency legislation, and investment in social auditing and ethical certification schemes, to show how such efforts serve to bolster corporate growth and legitimacy as well as government reputations, whilst failing to protect the world’s most vulnerable workers. To eradicate modern slavery and human trafficking in global supply chains a new approach is needed; one that confronts corporate power and profits, dismantles exploitative business models, and regulates the booming private industry of accounting firms, social auditors, and consultants that has emerged to ‘monitor’ and ‘enforce’ labour standards. Only worker-driven initiatives that uphold fundamental rights can protect workers in the contemporary global economy and make forced labour a thing of the past.

According to UNICEF, human trafficking generates a staggering 32 billion dollars in profits each year. Human trafficking takes place all around the world, affecting nearly every country, rich and poor. Women, girls, and migrants are extremely vulnerable to traffickers, who coerce them into sexual exploitation and forced labor. How can the international community allow such terrible criminal networks to flourish? This informative volume offers a diverse array of case studies, first-person accounts, and analyses from experts in the field to provide a full picture of what has been called a pandemic of the twenty-first century.