Hyperbolic Metamaterials

Hyperbolic metamaterials were originally introduced to overcome the diffraction limit of optical imaging. Soon thereafter it was realized that hyperbolic metamaterials demonstrate a number of novel phenomena resulting from the broadband singular behavior of their density of photonic states. These novel phenomena and applications include super resolution imaging, new stealth technologies, enhanced quantum-electrodynamic effects, thermal hyperconductivity, superconductivity, and interesting gravitation theory analogs. Here I review typical material systems, which exhibit hyperbolic behavior and outline important new applications of hyperbolic metamaterials, such as imaging experiments with plasmonic hyperbolic metamaterials and novel VCSEL geometries, in which the Bragg mirrors may be engineered in such a way that they exhibit hyperbolic properties in the long wavelength infrared range, so that they may be used to efficiently remove excess heat from the laser cavity. I will also discuss potential applications of self-assembled photonic hypercrystals. This system bypasses 3D nanofabrication issues, which typically limit hyperbolic metamaterial applications. Photonic hypercrystals combine the most interesting features of hyperbolic metamaterials and photonic crystals.

This book covers electrostatic properties of hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs), a fascinating class of metamaterials which combine dielectric and metal components. Due to the hyperbolic topology of the isofrequency surface in HMMs, the so-called resonance cone direction exists, and as a result, propagation of quasi-electrostatic waves, or more commonly, electrostatic waves close to the resonance cone with large wave vectors, is possible. However, the investigation of electrostatic wave properties in HMMs is largely overlooked in most works on the subject, and the purpose of this monograph is to fill this gap. This book gives a thorough theoretical treatment of propagation, reflection, and refraction of electrostatic waves in HMMs of various dimensions and geometries. It will be of interest to students and researchers who work on electrical and optical properties of metamaterials.

Hyperbolic metamaterials were originally introduced to overcome the diffraction limit of optical imaging. Soon thereafter it was realized that hyperbolic metamaterials demonstrate a number of novel phenomena resulting from the broadband singular behavior of their density of photonic states. These novel phenomena and applications include super resolution imaging, new stealth technologies, enhanced quantum-electrodynamic effects, thermal hyperconductivity, superconductivity, and interesting gravitation theory analogs. Here I review typical material systems, which exhibit hyperbolic behavior and outline important new applications of hyperbolic metamaterials, such as imaging experiments with plasmonic hyperbolic metamaterials and novel VCSEL geometries, in which the Bragg mirrors may be engineered in such a way that they exhibit hyperbolic properties in the long wavelength infrared range, so that they may be used to efficiently remove excess heat from the laser cavity. I will also discuss potential applications of self-assembled photonic hypercrystals. This system bypasses 3D nanofabrication issues, which typically limit hyperbolic metamaterial applications. Photonic hypercrystals combine the most interesting features of hyperbolic metamaterials and photonic crystals.

Metamaterials have been in research limelight for the last few years owing to the exotic electromagnetic features these exhibit. With certain combinational forms of the design, these can be of prudent applications in developing antennas, filters, absorbers, sensors, energy harvesters, and many others. As such, the role of engineered mediums remains greatly important as the frequency region of operation determines the structure (of the medium(s)) to be developed – the fact that is exploited in the on-demand kind of tailoring the electromagnetic response of metamaterials. The relevant R&D investigators show keen interest in the fabrication of varieties of novel miniaturized devices that can be of great potentials in many micro- as well as nanotechnology-oriented applications. With this view point in mind, the Book provides the glimpse of phenomenal growth of research in this direction through covering the topics pivoted to fundamental descriptions, and theoretical and experimental results reported by pioneering scientists. It is expected that the book will be of benefit to novice researchers (such as graduate students) and expert scientists in universities and research laboratories. Some of the contents in the book are centered on industrial applications of metamaterials, thereby making the volume useful to the R&D scientists in certain industries. In summary, the book

Phenomena of Optical Metamaterials provides an overview of phenomena enabled by artificial and designed metamaterials and their application for photonic devices. The book explores the study of active metamaterials with tunable and switchable properties and novel functionalities, such as the control of spontaneous emission and enhancement. Topics addressed cover theory, modelling and design, applications in practical devices, fabrication, characterization, and measurement, thus helping readers understand and develop new artificial, functional materials. Addresses disorder in metamaterials from the perspective of different viewpoints Introduces basic metamaterial modelling approaches and phenomena enabled by metamaterials Discusses the latest advances in metamaterials, including hyperbolic metamaterials, disorder in metamaterials, active metamaterials, quantum and atomic metamaterials

Metamaterials represent a new emerging innovative field of research which has shown rapid acceleration over the last couple of years. In this handbook, we present the richness of the field of metamaterials in its widest sense, describing artificial media with sub-wavelength structure for control over wave propagation in four volumes. Volume 1 focuses on the fundamentals of electromagnetic metamaterials in all their richness, including metasurfaces and hyperbolic metamaterials. Volume 2 widens the picture to include elastic, acoustic, and seismic systems, whereas Volume 3 presents nonlinear and active photonic metamaterials. Finally, Volume 4 includes recent progress in the field of nanoplasmonics, used extensively for the tailoring of the unit cell response of photonic metamaterials. In its totality, we hope that this handbook will be useful for a wide spectrum of readers, from students to active researchers in industry, as well as teachers of advanced courses on wave propagation. Contents: Volume 1: Electromagnetic Metamaterials (Ekaterina Shamonina): PrefaceElectromagnetic Metamaterials: Homogenization and Effective Properties of Mixtures (Ari Sihvola)Effective Medium Theory of Electromagnetic and Quantum Metamaterials (Mário G Silveirinha)Hyperbolic Metamaterials (Igor I Smolyaninov)Circuit and Analytical Modelling of Extraordinary Transmission Metamaterials (Francisco Medina, Francisco Mesa, Raul Rodríguez-Berral and Carlos Molero)Electromagnetic Metasurfaces: Synthesis, Realizations and Discussions (Karim Achouri and Christophe Caloz)Metasurfaces for General Control of Reflection and Transmission (Sergei Tretyakov, Viktar Asadchy and Ana Díaz-Rubio)Scattering at the Extreme with Metamaterials and Plasmonics (Francesco Monticone and Andrea Alù)All-Dielectric Nanophotonics: Fundamentals, Fabrication, and Applications (Alexander Krasnok, Roman Savelev, Denis Baranov and Pavel Belov)Tunable Metamaterials (Ilya V Shadrivov and Dragomir N Neshev)Spatial Solitonic and Nonlinear Plasmonic Aspects of Metamaterials (Allan D Boardman, Alesandro Alberucci, Gaetano Assanto, Yu G Rapoport, Vladimir V Grimalsky, Vasyl M Ivchenko and Eugen N Tkachenko)Metamaterial Catheter Receivers for Internal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Richard R A Syms, Ian R Young and Laszlo Solymar)Microwave Sensors Based on Symmetry Properties and Metamaterial Concepts (Jordi Naqui, Ali K Horestani, Christophe Fumeaux and Ferran Martín)Volume 2: Elastic, Acoustic, and Seismic Metamaterials (Richard Craster and Sébastien Guenneau): PrefaceDynamic Homogenization of Acoustic and Elastic Metamaterials and Phononic Crystals (Richard Craster, Tryfon Antonakakis and Sébastien Guenneau)Acoustic Metamaterial (Nicholas Fang, Jun Xu, Navid Nemati, Nicolas Viard and Denis Lafarge)Flat Lens Focusing of Flexural Waves in Thin Plates (Patrick Sebbah and Marc Dubois)Space–Time Cloaking (Martin W McCall and Paul Kinsler)Soda Cans Metamaterial: Homogenization and Beyond (Fabrice Lemoult, Geoffroy Lerosey, Nadège Kaïna and Mathias Fink)New Trends Toward Locally-Resonant Metamaterials at the Mesoscopic Scale (Philippe Roux, Matthieu Rupin, Fabrice Lemoult, Geoffroy Lerosey, Andrea Colombi, Richard Craster, Sébastien Guenneau, William A Kuperman and Earl G Williams)Seismic Metamaterials: Controlling Surface Rayleigh Waves Using Analogies with Electromagnetic Metamaterials (Stéphane Brûlé, Stefan Enoch, Sébastien Guenneau and

To meet the demands of students, scientists and engineers for a systematic reference source, this book introduces, comprehensively and in a single voice, research and development progress in emerging metamaterials and derived functional metadevices. Coverage includes electromagnetic, optical, acoustic, thermal, and mechanical metamaterials and related metadevices. Metamaterials are artificially engineered composites with designed properties beyond those attainable in nature and with applications in all aspects of materials science. From spatially tailored dielectrics to tunable, dynamic materials properties and unique nonlinear behavior, metamaterial systems have demonstrated tremendous flexibility and functionality in electromagnetic, optical, acoustic, thermal, and mechanical engineering. Furthermore, the field of metamaterials has been extended from the mere pursuit of various exotic properties towards the realization of practical devices, leading to the concepts of dynamically-reconfigurable metadevices and functional metasurfaces. The book explores the fundamental physics, design, and engineering aspects, as well as the full array of state-of-the-art applications to electronics, telecommunications, antennas, and energy harvesting. Future challenges and potential in regard to design, modeling and fabrication are also addressed.

This book provides a cutting-edge research overview on the latest developments in the field of Optics and Photonics. All chapters are authored by the pioneers in their field and will cover the developments in Quantum Photonics, Optical properties of 2D Materials, Optical Sensors, Organic Opto-electronics, Nanophotonics, Metamaterials, Plasmonics, Quantum Cascade lasers, LEDs, Biophotonics and biomedical photonics and spectroscopy.