Implicit And Explicit Knowledge In Second Language Learning Testing And Teaching

The implicit/ explicit distinction is central to our understanding of the nature of L2 acquisition. This book begins with an account of how this distinction applies to L2 learning, knowledge and instruction. It then reports a series of studies describing the development of a battery of tests providing relatively discrete measurements of L2 explicit/ implicit knowledge. These tests were then utilized to examine a number of key issues in SLA - the learning difficulty of different grammatical structures, the role of L2 implicit/ explicit knowledge in language proficiency, the relationship between learning experiences and learners’ language knowledge profiles, the metalinguistic knowledge of teacher trainees and the effects of different types of form-focused instruction on L2 acquisition. The book concludes with a consideration of how the tests can be further developed and applied in the study of L2 acquisition.

Implicit/ explicit knowledge constitutes a key distinction in the study of second language acquisition. This book reports a project that investigated ways of measuring implicit/explicit L2 knowledge, the relationship between the two types of knowledge and language proficiency, and the effect that different types of form-focused instruction had on their acquisition.

Implicit/ explicit knowledge constitutes a key distinction in the study of second language acquisition. This book reports a project that investigated ways of measuring implicit/explicit L2 knowledge, the relationship between the two types of knowledge and language proficiency, and the effect that different types of form-focused instruction had on their acquisition.

Implicit learning is a fundamental feature of human cognition. Many essential skills, including language comprehension and production, intuitive decision making, and social interaction, are largely dependent on implicit (unconscious) knowledge. Given its relevance, it is not surprising that the study of implicit learning plays a central role in the cognitive sciences. The present volume brings together eminent researchers from a variety of fields (e.g., cognitive psychology, linguistics, education, cognitive neuroscience, developmental psychology) in order to assess the progress made in the study of implicit and explicit learning, to critically evaluate key concepts and methodologies, and to determine future directions to take in this interdisciplinary enterprise. The eighteen chapters in this volume are written in an accessible and engaging fashion; together, they provide the reader with a comprehensive snapshot of the exciting current work on the implicit and explicit learning of languages.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: gut, University of Poznan (Institute of English), course: Teaching methods, language: English, abstract: The differentiation between explicit and implicit knowledge has been a key issue discussed by researchers involved in second language acquisition throughout the last several decades. Some follow the ideas of Stephen Krashen, the trail blazer of studies concerning implicit knowledge and focus on meaning. Other, believe that explicit knowledge is more important. The core of this BA thesis is an empirical study measuring implicit and explicit knowledge of a group secondary school students. The study is preceded by two chapters discussing relevant issues about implicit and explicit knowledge as well as various tests that measure the knowledge of a subject. The first chapter describes the similarities and differences between explicit and implicit knowledge. It provides general information that is developed later on, or that needs to be mentioned in order to supply sufficient details that form the background of the empirical research that is presented in the third chapter. The main aim of the first chapter is to present seven dimensions which help to distinguish implicit knowledge from explicit knowledge. This chapter also touches upon the issue of learning difficulty of certain grammatical features. The second chapter is a description of various criteria on the basis of which implicit and explicit knowledge is measured. What is more, there are different tests that measure implicit and explicit knowledge included in this section, together with the ways in which they are formed, and the importance they have in measuring a given type of knowledge. The aforementioned tests encompass the imitation test, timed as well as the untimed version of the grammar judgement test (GJT), oral narrative test, and finally the metalinguistic knowledge test. The third chapter is an empirical study prepared by the author. It is divided into two parts, and measures both implicit and explicit knowledge of the participants. The study itself was inspired by three other experiments, but it also possesses its original and unique ideas. Apart from measuring implicit and explicit knowledge, it also explores metalinguistic knowledge and the issue of systematicity. The research analyses several key questions, the most important concerning which type of knowledge learners from a typical secondary school in Poland make use of more efficiently.

In this third, fully revised edition, the 10 volume Encyclopedia of Language and Education offers the newest developments, including an entirely new volume of research and scholarly content, essential to the field of language teaching and learning in the age of globalization. In the selection of topics and contributors, the Encyclopedia reflects the depth of disciplinary knowledge, breadth of interdisciplinary perspective, and diversity of socio-geographic experience in the language and education field. Throughout, there is an inclusion of contributions from non-English speaking and non-western parts of the world, providing truly global coverage. Furthermore, the authors have sought to integrate these voices fully into the whole, rather than as special cases or international perspectives in separate sections. The Encyclopedia is a necessary reference set for every university and college library in the world that serves a faculty or school of education, as well as being highly relevant to the fields of applied and socio-linguistics. The publication of this work charts the further deepening and broadening of the field of language and education since the publication of the first edition of the Encyclopedia in 1997 and the second edition in 2008.

Introduction to Instructed Second Language Acquisition is the first book to present a cohesive view of the different theoretical and pedagogical perspectives that comprise instructed second language acquisition (ISLA), defined as any type of learning that occurs as a result of the manipulating the process and conditions of second language acquisition. The book begins by considering the effectiveness of ISLA and the differences between ISLA and naturalistic L2 learning. It then goes on to discuss the theoretical, empirical, and pedagogical aspects of such key issues in ISLA as grammar learning; interaction in the classroom; focus on form, function and meaning; vocabulary learning; pronunciation learning; pragmatics learning; learning contexts; and individual differences. This timely and important volume is ideally suited for the graduate level ISLA course, and provides valuable insights for any SLA scholar interested in the processes involved in second language learning in classroom settings.

This Element explores the roles of explicit and implicit learning in second language acquisition. The authors lay out some key issues that they take to underlie the debate on the extent to which second language acquisition involves explicit learning, implicit learning, or both. They also discuss what they take to be an oversight in the field: namely, the lack of clear definitions of key constructs. Taking a generative perspective on the nature of language, while addressing alternative approaches at key points, they refocus the discussion of explicit and implicit learning by first asking what must be learned (i.e., what is this mental representation we call “language” that all functioning humans possess?) The discussion and research reviewed leads to the conclusion that second language acquisition is largely if not exclusively implicit in nature and that explicit learning plays a secondary role in how learners grapple with meaning.