In Situ Bioreclamation

In Situ Bioreclamation: Applications and Investigations for Hydrocarbon and Contaminated Site Remediation is a collection of selected papers submitted by participants to the international symposium ""In Situ and On-Site Bioreclamation"", held in San Diego, California in March 1991. The book consists of articles, which represent a substantial technical contribution, and technical notes, and brief technology descriptions or reports of preliminary or less substantial studies that proposes and exposes various solutions for the biological treatment of contaminated soil, water, and gas. This volume is one of two that represent the most complete and up-to-date set of papers at the time. The book covers the most comprehensive collection of treatises that presents practices in the reversal of damages to the environment. Solutions vary from proven commercially available technologies for some applications, such as reactor treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons in aqueous steams, to fundamental research in others, such as genetic engineering to develop strains of biodegradable xenobiotics. Environmentalists, scientists, students of natural sciences, civil engineers, and those concerned with the preservation and restoration of nature will find this book invaluable.

The development of biologically based processes for the treatment of hazardous inorganic and organic wastes is a multi-disciplinary effort requiring the consideration of a number of biological, chemical, and physical parameters, as well as the effective teaming of biologists, chemists, engineers, and regulatory agencies. This new text/reference bridges the disciplines in a unique way, allowing an exchange of fundamental information to take place. The book begins with a description of the biological transformations of inorganic and organic compounds and a review of strategies that may be used for the treatment of hazardous wastes. It continues with a discussion of the physiological and engineering factors that must be considered for successful process development and concludes with a discussion of the regulations that have influenced biological waste treatment and environmental remediation.

With oil spills occurring worldwide, much media and practical attention has been given in recent years to the rapidly maturing field of hydrocarbon bioremediation, particularly with application to marine spills. Hydrocarbon contamination of soil and groundwater, although less visible, is even more widespread and has provided the background for the numerous studies presented in this book, in addition to those devoted to shoreline spills. Chapters address a wide variety of theory and practice and cover important subjects such as biofiltration, natural attenuation, surfactants, and the use of in situ bioventing compared to soil venting. This unique book represents the collective global experience of practitioners and researchers in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. It describes experiences in tying laboratory studies to field applications. Nowhere else can anyone involved in hydrocarbon bioremediation find more up-to-date, relevant information on field experience using the various techniques and combinations of techniques in remediating hydrocarbons by biological means.

Presenting a clear, understandable examination, this book outlines efficient, effective methods and strategies for the complex field of subsurface remediation. The editors fully assess the state-of-knowledge of subsurface science requisite for finding new solutions, providing a focused guide for advanced subsurface remediation technology. Unparalleled in scope and practicality, Subsurface Restoration assists those persons determining the extent of environmental contamination for remedial technology selection and for environmental decision-making at all levels.

Earth scientists and geotechnical engineers are increasingly challenged to solve environmental problems related to waste disposal facilities and cleanup of contaminated sites. The effort has given rise to a new discipline of specialists in the field of environmental geotechnology. To be effective, environmental geotechnologists must not only be armed with the traditional knowledge of fields such as geology and civil engineering, but also be knowledgeable of principles of hydrogeology, chemistry, and biological processes. In addition, the environmental geotechnologist must be completely up to date on the often complex cadre of local and national regulations, must comprehend the often complex legal issues and sometimes mind-boggling financial impli cations of a project, and must be able to communicate effectively with a host of other technical specialists, regulatory officials, attorneys, local land owners, journalists, and others. The field of environmental geo technology will no doubt continue to offer unique challenges. The purpose of this book is to summarize the current state of practice in the field of environmental geotechnology. Part One covers broadly applicable principles such as hydrogeology, geochemistry, and con taminant transport in soil and rock. Part Two describes in detail the underlying principles for design and construction of new waste disposal facilities. Part Three covers techniques for site remediation. Finally, Part Four addresses the methodologies for monitoring. The topics of 'waste disposal' and 'site remediation' are extra ordinarily broad.

Encyclopedic in scope, this new book presents state-of-the-art methods and techniques demonstrating new applications for biotechnology to remediate contaminated sites. Researchers and practitioners world-wide share their collective evidence to demonstrate how biotechnology works, both alone and in combination with other remediation techniques. This essential tool will aid engineers and environmental practitioners in the planning of effective and economical remediation strategies. No other book provides such diverse information on specific biotechnology applications.

The use of biotechnical processes in control of environmental pollution and in haz ardous waste treatment is viewed as an advantageous alternative or adduct to phys ical chemical treatment technologies. Yet, the development and implementation of both conventional and advanced biotechnologies in predictable and efficacious field applications suffer from numerous technical, regulatory, and societal uncertainties. With the application of modern molecular biology and genetic engineering, there is clear potential for biotechnical developments that will lead to breakthroughs in controlled and optimized hazardous waste treatment for in situ and unit process use. There is, however, great concern that the development of these technologies may be needlessly hindered in their applications and that the fundamental research base may not be able to sustain continued technology development. Some of these issues have been discussed in a fragmented fashion within the research and development community. A basic research agenda has been established to promote a sustainable cross-disciplinary technology base. This agenda includes developing new and improved strains for biodegradation, improving bioanalytical methods to measure strain and biodegradation performance, and providing an in tegrated environmental and reactor systems analysis approach for process control and optimization.