Incretin Biology

Together, obesity and diabetes form a 21st century epidemic, the treatment of which consumes a substantial fraction of global health costs. New and improved therapies are therefore desperately needed. Incretins are short peptide hormones released from the gut in response to food transit. These hormones regulate a plethora of processes to control food intake, body weight and glucose homeostasis. This is one of the fastest areas of growth within diabetes research, and over the past decade, increasing numbers of novel diabetes drugs — many based on incretin action — have been added to the therapeutic armoury. Following an introduction detailing the historical perspective and discovery of incretin therapies and clinical applications, the book looks at the release of incretins at a cellular level from entero-endocrine cells, and actions on the pancreas (alpha and beta cells) and brain. It then looks at changes in incretins seen in diabetes and following bariatric surgery. Finally, the side effects of incretin therapy are discussed. Importantly, each chapter contains a methodology section aimed at providing a practical guide to key techniques in the field of incretin biology and ranges from basic laboratory research to clinical practice. Incretin Biology — A Practical Guide offers a unique perspective within this field of research by bringing together scientists, physicians and bariatric surgeons. Thus, it is a comprehensive text that offers a broad overview of the subject. Contents:History of Incretin Discovery and Clinical Application (S E K Zac-Varghese and S R Bloom)Synthesis and Secretion of Incretins from the Gut (A E Adriaenssens, F Reimann and Gribble)Studying Incretin Action on the Pancreatic β Cell (D J Hodson and G A Rutter)Action of Incretins on the Pancreatic α Cell: Control of Glucagon Secretion (L McCulloch, M Godazgar, P Rorsman and R Ramracheya)Role of Incretins in the Brain (J E Richards, S C Cork, M K Holt and S Trapp)Bariatric Surgery: Clinical Aspects (A Ahmed and C Tsironis)GLP-1 in Bariatric Surgery and Diabetes: Underlying Molecular Mechanisms (N B Jørgensen and J J Holst)GLP-1-Based Therapies: What are the Safety Implications? (A Mondragon, A Bertling, R Gomes-Faria, G A Rutter and G da Silva Xavier) Readership: Scientists and clinicians with an emphasis on translational research; biology students; medical students; physicians and bariatric surgeons; and those with an interest in the use of incretins in diabetes and obesity treatment with a view to undertake research within this field. Key Features:Broad overview of the field of incretin biology from a cellular level to clinical applicationDetailed protocols with extensive practical tipsChapters from prominent authors who are currently leading in this fieldKeywords:Incretin;Insulin Secretion;Entero-endocrine Cells;GLP-1;GIP;Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors;Diabetes;Obesity;Pancreas;Beta Cell;Alpha Cell;Bariatric Surgery;Endocrinology

First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology, and enzyme mechanisms. Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines. This volume focuses on insulin and IGFs. Longest running series published by Academic Press Contributions by leading international authorities

Together, obesity and diabetes form a 21st century epidemic, the treatment of which consumes a substantial fraction of global health costs. New and improved therapies are therefore desperately needed.Incretins are short peptide hormones released from the gut in response to food transit. These hormones regulate a plethora of processes to control food intake, body weight and glucose homeostasis. This is one of the fastest areas of growth within diabetes research, and over the past decade, increasing numbers of novel diabetes drugs -- many based on incretin action -- have been added to the therapeutic armoury.Following an introduction detailing the historical perspective and discovery of incretin therapies and clinical applications, the book looks at the release of incretins at a cellular level from entero-endocrine cells, and actions on the pancreas (alpha and beta cells) and brain. It then looks at changes in incretins seen in diabetes and following bariatric surgery. Finally, the side effects of incretin therapy are discussed. Importantly, each chapter contains a methodology section aimed at providing a practical guide to key techniques in the field of incretin biology and ranges from basic laboratory research to clinical practice.Incretin Biology -- A Practical Guide offers a unique perspective within this field of research by bringing together scientists, physicians and bariatric surgeons. Thus, it is a comprehensive text that offers a broad overview of the subject.

The gut not only represents the largest endocrine organ of the human body but is also profoundly involved in the control of metabolism through peptide hormones. Therefore, gastrointestinal hormones are acting via autocrine, paracrine, and classical endocrine pathways and regulate e.g. digestion, hunger, and satiety. Furthermore, they are important regulators of body weight, growth, and glucose metabolism, as well as of mood and behavior. Physicians and scientists in the field of pediatric endocrinology and diabetes, as well as in pediatric gastroenterology, require an extensive understanding of the origin of enteroendocrine cells, factors controlling their differentiation, hormone gene expression, secretion, function and, finally, the complex interaction with other organs, especially the central nervous system. In order to meet these needs, experts in the field have written up-to-date, comprehensive, and illustrated reviews presenting the current knowledge in the field of gastrointestinal endocrinology with a pediatric view. Those reviews comprise this latest volume of Endocrine Development.

Incretins are a group of gastrointestinal hormones that cause an increase in the amount of insulin released from cells in the pancreas after eating. Incretin based drugs are used to control blood sugar levels in the management of diabetes. This book is a concise guide to incretin based therapy. Beginning with an introduction to the history and physiology of incretins, the following sections examine the clinical pharmacology of GLP-1 Analogues and DPP-4 Inhibitors, the pleiotrophic effects of incretins and comparative pharmacology. Each section integrates science with practical therapeutic guidance for clinicians involved in the management of diabetes. The final chapter discusses the future of incretin therapies, including non-diabetic usage and combination therapy. Key Features Concise overview of incretin based therapy for the management of diabetes Guides clinicians step by step through the history and pharmacology of various molecules Integrates science with practical therapeutic guidance Includes chapter on the future of incretin therapy

Glucose Elevating Agents: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about Glucose Elevating Agents in a concise format. The editors have built Glucose Elevating Agents: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Glucose Elevating Agents in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Glucose Elevating Agents: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.