India Secularism In Decline A Narrative

The title of the book is slightly deceptive in that for once it does not depict the Hindu as an arch villain in the attempts to destroy the Universal Panacea for the Indians that is Secularism. In fact the book's objective is to present what the Hindu perceives as injustice meted out to himself and his co-religionists in the skewed application of Secularism which involves the idea of New Poulism or Appeasement of the minorities. The objective again is to target the younger generation, the student audience and to present to them the other side of the story a variation of political history from the Hindu perspective as also Hindu grievances. The intent is certainly not to indoctrinate this segment of society but is an honest effort to bring it up to them knowledge about the events of the Medieval period in Indian history to which the apellation the "black hole" can be applied. The history of this period which saw the most barbaric attacks on Hindu society on an unprecedented scale any time in the history of mankind was a void which needed to be filled in so far as knowledge dissipation was concerned. There has been a deliberate attempt at ignoring the events which occurred both during Muslim invasions and that following the equally infamous British occupation. Modern historians by design were probably instructed by successive governments to draw a veil over these atrocities during this period in an effort at reducing social feuding among various communities. This book is also an effort to highlight some of the dangerous trends currently permeating through Indian society. The current narrative in this country is now moving in the direction of highlighting the effects of demographic changes, Islamic militancy, Christian evangelism and Maoism or Naxalism as it is commonly called. Of particular concern to the author is the uncontrolled migration of people from across our borders and Christian evangelism, this latter phenomenon threatening to destroy the social fabric and our native culture. This work attempts to highlight the fact that the Hindu society has unwittingly fallen into the technology trap with no safety net to protect our native culture.

A unique study of how a deeply religious country like India acquired the laws and policies of a secular state, highlighting the contradictory effects of British imperial policies, the complex role played by Indian Christians, and how this highly divided community shaped its own identity and debated that of their new nation.

Many of the central issues in modern Indian politics have long been understood in terms of an opposition between ideologies of secularism and communalism. Observers have argued that recent Hindu nationalism is the symptom of a crisis of Indian secularism and have blamed this on a resurgence of religion or communalism. Shabnum Tejani unpacks prevailing assumptions about the meaning of secularism in contemporary politics, focusing on India but with many points of comparison elsewhere in the world. She questions the simple dichotomy between secularism and communalism that has been used in scholarly study and political discourse. Tracing the social, political, and intellectual genealogies of the concepts of secularism and communalism from the late nineteenth century until the ratification of the Indian constitution in 1950, she shows how secularism came to be bound up with ideas about nationalism and national identity.

What makes India a nation? What has held its many disparate societies with their diverse, sometimes conflicting, narratives together for more than sixty years? What has allowed India to sustain its commitment to the democratic process, given its location in a region that is largely undemocratic? In this magisterial analysis of the last five hundred years of Indian history, Meghnad Desai looks at India's colonial past, its struggle for independence and its many contemporary conundrums, to discover answers to the questions that have confronted India-watchers for decades. Rejecting much received wisdom, including narratives fashioned by India's ruling establishment, Meghnad Desai goes back to the beginnings of the East-West encounter at the end of the fifteenth century. He tracks its impact on the cultures and politics of the present day, from the emergence of new classes under colonialism, the influence of Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi on the idea of Indian nationhood, to the entirely parallel discourses that developed in North and South India. Yet this trajectory, this outcome, was not inevitable. Through a series of 'Counterfactual Boxes' Meghnad Desai analyses the accepted defining moments of India's past and suggests alternative courses that history could so easily have taken. Meghnad Desai draws on a wealth of sources to illuminate India's journey to the twenty-first century. Whether it is an examination of British parliamentary debates on the question of India's independence, or the liberalization of the economy after decades of licence-permit raj, or the state' complicity in the Gujarat riots, Meghnad Desai's original, occasionally iconoclastic, approach to seemingly settled arguments makes The Rediscovery of India a path-breaking and comprehensive account of India's past and present.

In Great Britain during the Romantic period, governmental and social structures were becoming more secular as religion was privatized and depoliticized. If the discretionary nature of religious practice permitted spiritual freedom and social differentiation, however, secular arrangements produced new anxieties. Unquiet Things investigates the social and political disorders that arise within modern secular cultures and their expression in works by Jane Austen, Horace Walpole, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, and Percy Shelley among others. Emphasizing secularism rather than religion as its primary analytic category, Unquiet Things demonstrates that literary writing possesses a distinctive ability to register the discontent that characterizes the mood of secular modernity. Colin Jager places Romantic-era writers within the context of a longer series of transformations begun in the Reformation, and identifies three ways in which romanticism and secularism interact: the melancholic mood brought on by movements of reform, the minoritizing capacity of literature to measure the disturbances produced by new arrangements of state power, and a prospective romantic thinking Jager calls "after the secular." The poems, novels, and letters of the romantic period reveal uneasy traces of the spiritual past, haunted by elements that trouble secular politics; at the same time, they imagine new and more equitable possibilities for the future. In the twenty-first century, Jager contends, we are still living within the terms of the romantic response to secularism, when literature and philosophy first took account of the consequences of modernity.

This book analyses the novels of Salman Rushdie and their stylistic conventions in the context of Indian popular cinema and its role in the elaboration of the author’s arguments about post-independence postcolonial India. Focusing on different genres of Indian popular cinema, such as the ‘Social’, ‘Mythological’ and ‘Historical’, Stadtler examines how Rushdie’s writing foregrounds the epic, the mythic, the tragic and the comic, linking them in storylines narrated in cinematic parameters. The book shows that Indian popular cinema’s syncretism becomes an aesthetic marker in Rushdie’s fiction that allows him to elaborate on the multiplicity of Indian identity, both on the subcontinent and abroad, and illustrates how Rushdie uses Indian popular cinema in his narratives to express an aesthetics of hybridity and a particular conceptualization of culture with which ‘India’ has become identified in a global context. Also highlighted are Rushdie’s uses of cinema to inflect his reading of India as a pluralist nation and of the hybrid space occupied by the Indian diaspora across the world. The book connects Rushdie’s storylines with modes of cinematic representation to explore questions about the role, place and space of the individual in relation to a fast-changing social, economic and political space in India and the wider world.

Given the popularity and success of the Hindu-Right in India's electoral politics today, how may one study ostensibly 'Western' concepts and ideas, such as the secular and its family of cognates, like secularism, secularisation and secularity in non-Western societies without assuming them simply as derivative, or colonial legacies or contrast cases of Western societies? While recognizing that the dominant language of political modernity of Western societies is not easily translatable in non-Western societies, The Secular Imaginary elaborates upon an intellectual history of secularity in modern India by focusing on the two most influential political leaders – M.K. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. It is an intellectual history of both idea(s) and intellectuals, which sheds light on Indian narratives of secularity – the Gandhian sarva dharma samabhava, Nehruvian secularism, and unity in diversity. It revisits this dominant narrative of secularity of the twentieth century that influenced and shaped the imagination of the modern nation-state.

Written by an eminent Political scientist, this book redefines secularism by proposing that a transit from empirical to normative pluralism is possible with the help of two concepts: toleration as a social principle, and secularism as a state policy.