Indicators Of Indian Science And Technology

The internationally recognised methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the OECD's Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications ...

An increase in global access to goods and knowledge is transforming world-class science and technology (S&T) by bringing it within the capability of an unprecedented number of global parties who must compete for resources, markets, and talent. In particular, globalization has facilitated the success of formal S&T plans in many developing countries, where traditional limitations can now be overcome through the accumulation and global trade of a wide variety of goods, skills, and knowledge. As a result, centers for technological research and development (R&D) are now globally dispersed, setting the stage for greater uncertainty in the political, economic, and security arenas. These changes will have a potentially enormous impact for the U.S. national security policy, which for the past half century was premised on U.S. economic and technological dominance. As the U.S. monopoly on talent and innovation wanes, arms export regulations and restrictions on visas for foreign S&T workers are becoming less useful as security strategies. The acute level of S&T competition among leading countries in the world today suggests that countries that fail to exploit new technologies or that lose the capability for proprietary use of their own new technologies will find their existing industries uncompetitive or obsolete. The increased access to information has transformed the 1950s' paradigm of "control and isolation" of information for innovation control into the current one of "engagement and partnerships" between innovators for innovation creation. Current and future strategies for S&T development need to be considered in light of these new realities. This book analyzes the S&T strategies of Japan, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Singapore (JBRICS), six countries that have either undergone or are undergoing remarkable growth in their S&T capabilities for the purpose of identifying unique national features and how they are utilized in the evolving global S&T environment.

Science and Technology is an essential element of socioeconomic development of nations. In recent times, emergence of new technologies, knowledge -based economies and globalization have made unprecedented impact on the human civilization. The developing societies would need to adjust to the pace of change of these developments and respond by evolving and implementing appropriate national S&T policies. There is a need to enhance their capabilities for establishing meaningful S&T policy and indicators for effective decision making. This publication reflects the views and experiences of scholars and policy makers resulting from the deliberations during the international conference on S&T policy research and statistical indicators held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 8-10 November 2006. It includes contributions on perspectives on S&T policy and indicators from several developing countries, leveraging S&T policy for innovation and S&T policy implications in socio-economic sectors. The book presents significant insights on issuess and concerns on S&T policy research and statistical indicators in developing countries and is likely to be of immense value for various stakeholders. Contents Part I: Perspective on S&T Policy and Indicators; Chapter 1: Strengthening science, technology and innovation for economic growth and poverty reduction in Mozambique by Venancio Massingue; Chapter 3: The South African STI policy as an indicator driven one: Approach, nature, size, performance and challenges by Hendrik Christoffe Marais and Simon Mpele; Chapter 4: Science and technology structure, statistical system and the current scenario in Sri Lanka by Seetha I Wickremasinghe; Chapter 5: Science and technology (S&T) development policy in Nigeria by Ettu Obassi; Chapter 6: S&T indicators in India and policy implications by Parveen Arora; Chapter 7: S&T indicators as enablers to R&D planning: The case of Knowledge intensive CSIR-India by Naresh Kumar; Chapter 8: Indonesian S&T policy and development and S&T indicators by Dudi Hidayat; Chapter 9: A glance at the Iranian science and technology (S&T) indicators by Seyed Mohsen Masoumzadeh; Chapter 10: Statistical development of science and technology indicators in Malaysia by kamaruhzaman Mat Zin; Chapter 11: Science and technology in Pakistan: System of governance, status of development and current initiatives by Tariq Bashir; Chapter 12: The status of science and technology in Myanmar; Chapter 13: Science and technology in Nepal by Dilli Raj Joshi; Part II: Leverging S&T Policy for Innovation; Chapter 14: Measuring science, technology and innovatlion in developing Countries: The UIS experience by Ernesto Fernandez Polcuch; Chapter 15: Interactive policy research for rural innovation by Rajeswari Sarala Raina; Chapter 16: Collaborative links between academic and research institutions and industry for stimulating technological innovation and economic development: Need for science and technology policy initiatives and networking amongst NAM and other developing countries by M Bandyopadhyay; Chapter 17: Protection of intellectual property: Technology acquisition, adaptation and diffusion by Vinod Kumar Gupta; Chapter 18: Innovation and the role of IP system in Egypt by Janet Ibrahim Youseef; Part III: S&T Policy Implications in Socio-Economic Sectors; Chapter 19: Agriculture-Assessing the role of local institution in adoption of innovations for sustainable agriculture in kenya by Lutta Muhammad and Paul GA Omanga; Chapter 20: Educational-Tracer study of science and technology (S&T) graduates passed out from the university in Sri Lanka during 1998-2003 by P R M P Dilrukshi Ranathunge and Seetha I Wickremasinghe; Chapter 21: Food-Food security in Ghana: The development and diffusion of appropriate technologies by Sylvester Gyanfi; Chapter 23: Shelter importance of S&T in providing shelter by M W Leelaratne; Chapter 24: Society-Popularization of science and technology in eastern zone of Tanzania

Explores recent developments in matters relating to science, technology, globalisation and industrial performance of OECD and major non OECD countries, bringing together over 200 graphs.

This book analyzes the possibilities for effective global governance of science in Europe, India and China. Authors from the three regions join forces to explore how ethical concerns over new technologies can be incorporated into global science and technology policies. The first chapter introduces the topic, offering a global perspective on embedding ethics in science and technology policy. Chapter Two compares the institutionalization of ethical debates in science, technology and innovation policy in three important regions: Europe, India and China. The third chapter explores public perceptions of science and technology in these same three regions. Chapter Four discusses public engagement in the governance of science and technology, and Chapter Five reviews science and technology governance and European values. The sixth chapter describes and analyzes values demonstrated in the constitution of the People’s Republic of China. Chapter Seven describes emerging evidence from India on the uses of science and technology for socio-economic development, and the quest for inclusive growth. In Chapter Eight, the authors propose a comparative framework for studying global ethics in science and technology. The following three chapters offer case studies and analysis of three emerging industries in India, China and Europe: new food technologies, nanotechnology and synthetic biology. Chapter 12 gathers all these threads for a comprehensive discussion on incorporating ethics into science and technology policy. The analysis is undertaken against the backdrop of different value systems and varying levels of public perception of risks and benefits. The book introduces a common analytical framework for the comparative discussion of ethics at the international level. The authors offer policy recommendations for effective collaboration among the three regions, to promote responsible governance in science and technology and a common analytical perspective in ethics.

Science, technology and innovation – which foster competitiveness, productivity and job creation – are important mechanisms for encouraging sustainable growth.