Industrial Trade And Employment Policies In Iran

This volume explores Iran’s industrial and trade policy options for achieving sustainable, export-oriented, and pro-employment growth. The first part of the book discusses Iran’s economic and industrial development performance, as well as strategies for enhancing capabilities, fostering productive transformation, and developing employment that can result in faster and more inclusive economic growth. It also presents a case study on a leading manufacturing subsector—the automotive industry. The book then offers a set of analyses concerning the country’s trade sector, including exchange rate policies, ways to connect to global markets, and accession to the World Trade Organization. In turn, the closing chapters investigate various aspects of Iran’s labor market and offer policy recommendations on the creation of productive jobs. Readers will learn about effective industrial, trade, and employment policies that can complement macroeconomic measures adopted by the government. As such, the book will appeal not only to scholars and policy-makers, but also to international investors seeking to understand various core aspects of Iran’s industrial and employment structures and trade regime.

In the nineteenth century, Iranian reformers wanted to create an independent, modern state that could stand on its own feet. However, constrained by foreign influence, ignorance, and inexperience, their efforts at industrialization were an expensive failure. When a modernizing regime took over the country in 1925, it began the most interesting example of a state-directed effort at economic organization in the Middle East. Iran was able to lift itself up by its bootstraps by financing its own very capital intensive industrialization program without borrowing from abroad. But the people of Iran paid for their nation's modernization through heavy taxation, bad living conditions and dictatorial rule. And although unionization of labor failed, and bad working conditions, low wages and lack of labor laws remained, the much reviled Reza Shah had ironically been able to realize the dreams of the nineteenth and early-twentieth-century reformers. Willem Floor uses primary sources and documents, as well as statistics, to analyze the costs and benefits of Iran's efforts toward industrial modernization from the 1850s to 1941. This study is essential reading for anyone interested in the details of the economic history of modern Iran.

This book provides in-depth analyses of the main social policy components and institutions in Iran. Its focus is on the period since 1979, although many of the developments are inevitably traced back to their pre-revolutionary origins. The first part of the book investigates socioeconomic trends and institutional developments—including the significant role played by post-revolutionary para-governmental organizations in the delivery of social programs. The remaining chapters analyze the achievements and challenges of health, education, social insurance, housing, and employment policies as well as the macroeconomics of poverty.

An examination of the problems of economic growth and structural change in oil-exploring economies which focuses on the experience of Iran. The author argues that oil income can make a substantial contribution to industrial growth, subject to the adoption of appropriate policy measures.

Government interventions in the economies of developing countries frequently do not achieve their intended goals. Policy-makers' expectations often fall wide of the mark when compared with actual behaviour of consumers, producers and businessmen. In an important study that has wide significance for the field of development economics as a whole, Javad Amid and Amjad Hadjikhani study the impact of trade and industrial policies on the economy and business behaviour of Iran.

The popularity of neoliberal economic policies is based, in part, on the argument that the liberalization of markets promotes growth and increases employment opportunities for women. Although the latest research bears this out, it also presents a grim portrait of the state of women’s employment. Approximately 70 percent of those living on less than a dollar a day are women or girls. In Veiled Employment, the contributors examine these stark disparities, focusing on the evolving role of women’s employment in Iran. Based on empirical field research in Iran, their essays document the accelerating trend in the size and diversity of women’s employment since the 1990s and explore the impact of various governmental policies on women. The volume analyzes such issues as the effect of global trade on female employment, women’s contributions to the informal work sector, and Iranian female migrant workers in the United States. Rejecting the commonly held view that centers on Islam as the primary cause of women’s status in the Muslim world, the authors emphasize the role of national and international political economies. Drawing on postcolonial feminist theory, they reveal the ways in which women in Iran have resisted and challenged Islamism, revealing them as agents of social transformation rather than as victims of religious fundamentalism.

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