Integrated Pest Management In Tomato In Eritrea

This manual represents the attempt to summarize the experience on tomato production in Eritrea. It is aimed at providing guidance for the Facilitators in the planning and implementation of future IPM activities, with a view to establishing a national network implementing IPM approaches not only on tomato, but on a range of vegetables and other crops (e.g. citrus, cereals) prioritized in the different regions, in an effort to promote a judicious use of chemical pesticides through promotion of IPM. The manual is a technical reference that gives background information and refers to practical exercises / activities that can be useful in the field during the FFS, to help the trainees better understand the different topics.

BOOK DESCRIPTION Title: Diseases of Crops in Eritrea: A Comprehensive Academic Handbook on ‘Diseases of Agricultural Crops’ in Eritrea. Introduction: This book, "Diseases of Crops in Eritrea" presents a comprehensive overview of the prevailing plant diseases in Eritrea's agricultural crops. The State of Eritrea is located in North-East Africa, neighbouring with Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt. As a nation boasting diverse agro-climatic zones, Eritrea's fertile soil supports an array of field crops, horticultural crops, and fruit trees. However, the agricultural ecosystem is confronted with challenges posed by various plant diseases, which can have significant ramifications on crop productivity and quality. This meticulously crafted book is designed with more than 250 images to illuminate the infections of crops and the importance of effective disease management. Chapters and Contents: This book is organized into six chapters, each delving into specific aspects, such as Introduction; Diseases of Field Crops, Horticultural Crops, Fruit Orchards, Spice and Ornamental Crops; and the Disease Diagnosis. 1. Introduction: The initial chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the current trends in crop production within Eritrea. It explores the underlying causes of diseases, including fungal, bacterial, nematode, and viral infections. The development and pathogenic cycles of these diseases are elucidated, while symptomatology plays a pivotal role in facilitating disease identification. 2. Diseases of Field Crops: In the second chapter, the focus is on over 104 diseases that afflict 16 staple food crops crucial to Eritrea's agricultural sector. A detailed examination of these diseases enables readers to understand the threats they pose to crop yields and the overall food security of the nation. 3. Diseases of Horticultural Crops: Chapter three delves into 84 diseases affecting 12 commonly cultivated horticultural crops across Eritrea's agricultural regions. By shedding light on these prevalent diseases, the chapter aims to raise awareness among farmers and growers, fostering effective disease management practices. 4. Diseases of Fruit Orchards: The fourth chapter zeroes in on 40 diseases, encompassing fungal, bacterial, viral, and nematode infections impacting six major fruit orchards in Eritrea. The economic significance of these orchards, coupled with their susceptibility to diseases, underscores the importance of proper disease management strategies. 5. Diseases of Spice and Ornamental Crops: Chapter five focuses on seven diseases that affect three spice and ornamental crops. By acknowledging the threats posed to these crops, the chapter advocates for the implementation of preventive and control measures to safeguard their cultivation. 6. Disease Diagnosis and techniques of disease identification Strategies: The final chapter offers invaluable insights into disease diagnosis techniques, equipping readers with the tools to accurately identify and combat plant diseases. Furthermore, every chapter expounds on distribution of the disease, economic importance, disease symptoms, the causal agents, disease development/ cycles and management strategies, including cultural practices and Integrated Pest Management, which are crucial for sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. Additionally, the prudent use of chemical control is discussed, emphasizing adherence to recommended dosages to minimize undesirable effects on beneficial organisms, human health, and the environment. Conclusion: "Diseases of Crops in Eritrea" highlights the substantial threats that plant diseases pose to Eritrea's agricultural productivity. However, this academic and enlightening publication also serves as a beacon of hope, promoting integrated disease management approaches that can mitigate these challenges and secure a prosperous horticultural industry for the nation's future. The inclusion of a glossary and index further enhances the book's utility, making it an indispensable resource for researchers, agronomists, horticulturists, and anyone with a vested interest in Eritrea's agricultural well-being.

Pesticides have helped control disease and increase crop production for food security. However poor management of pesticides has shown negative impacts human health and the environment, including death and disability among users. Of particular concern are Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) that are highly effective in the control of the insect vectors of malaria and sleeping sickness and locusts. FAO supported by GEF implemented a POPs project in Eritrea to safeguard and dispose existing stocks of obsolete pesticides, as well as working to reduce risk across the pesticide lifecycle at the policy level. The evaluation found that one of project’s main success was the safeguarding and disposal of 364 tons of obsolete pesticides and its contribution to the nationwide adoption of FFS and IPM. In the future, the evaluation recommends that the Project Steering Committee, with the support of FAO should take steps to ensure that reducing the risk from pesticides remains a priority for the government. Project code: GCP/ERI/014/GFF GEF ID: 3987

In 2020, the FAO Office of Evaluation (OED) backstopped the FAO Eritrea Office in the review of the FAO Country Programme. This is the first review of the Eritrea Country Programme and covers the Country Programming Framework (CPF) period from 2017 to 2021.The review assessed FAO’s strategic positioning in Eritrea, the programme results and provided strategic recommendations on how FAO can better realign its programme to evolving needs. The review found that while the Ministry of Agriculture and the Minitry of Marine Resources fully participated in the formulation of the CPF, the Ministry of Land, Water and the Environment’s participation was limited. Overall, the results are unequal across the three priority areas of the CPF. The review makes thirteen recommendations. This includes FAO enhancing its cooperation with the Ministry of Marine Resources and the Ministry of Land, Water and the Environment. More specifically, both ministries should also be involved in the preparation of the next CPF.

This document presents a National manual on Integrated Pest Management for the most economically important pests of the key crops in North Macedonia. It is developed in the frames of the Regional FAO Technical Cooperation Project "Support for the enhancement of national plant pest surveillance and phytosanitary certification systems" (TCP/RER/3705). The manual aims at increasing awareness of the readers on the economically important pests in North Macedonia, as well as on methods of their control, taking into account not only the effectiveness of the undertaken measures, but also the protection of the surrounding natural environment and the health of the consumers.