International And National Law In Russia And Eastern Europe

The disappearance of the USSR as a superpower, to be replaced by the Russian Federation and a host of new states, has had wide-ranging consequences in the field of law. The establishment of market economies and the need to set up institutional frameworks to foster the rule of law have precipitated comprehensive domestic law reforms in the countries concerned. The major focus of the present work, however, is on the metamorphosis of the network of international law relations, brought about by the fundamental change in the political and constitutional climate and the emergence of numerous new actors. Apart from the relations between states as the classical province of international law, the impact of international law on national legal orders has acquired overwhelming importance and the successor states of the Soviet Union have not escaped the effect of this development. Some of the most urgent questions thrown up by these developments are analyzed by a team of leading legal specialists from the Russian Federation, North America, and Western Europe.

Russia's international law persona is still in its infancy and it will take a while for the cycle to run its full course. However, significant changes have already occurred in some areas, thus offering an opportunity to analyze the trends here and track the process of emergence of successor doctrines and practices destined to replace the Soviet heritage. The quartet of topics selected for treatment in this volume - the relationship between international and domestic law; citizenship and state succession; the Sino-Russian boundary problem; and cooperation with China in policing crime - illustrates major shifts in Russia's international law policy in a bid to shed the corset of Communist ideology and the old regime's "modus operandi" and join the international community's mainstream culture. The test cases also attest to the difficulties encountered in the process of transition and show that progress on this front has by no means been uniform. The sample includes both instances where the break with the past looks quite pronounced and where greater distancing from precedent might logically have been expected, but, for reasons that are then explored, a sense of substantive continuity instead prevails, albeit made more palatable by an application of linguistic cosmetics. "From Soviet to Russian International Law: Studies in Continuity and" "Change" marks the occasion of the author's 65th birthday and the 40th anniversary of his publishing debut.

The introduction of a market economy in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe required an enormous legislative effort, in order to create the regulatory framework for a vast array of new economic activities. The resulting statutory materials in turn gave rise to numerous books and articles, by domestic lawyers from the countries concerned, as well as by foreign scholars. By comparison, the other part of the legal diptych - the establishment of the rule of law - has received less attention from academic commentators. The purpose of this volume is to correct the balance to some extent, especially by looking at various aspects of legal reform through the prism of human rights. The legal implementation of a respect for human rights turns out to be an even more comprehensive and pervasive enterprise than creating the legal framework for a market economy. A number of important areas of law are highlighted in this volume; the emphasis is, although not exclusively, on the Russian Federation.

An international team of authors looks at the role law has played in the transformation of Russia and evaluates the legal achievements of the Putin administration against the background of Russia's changing relationship with Europe.

This work analyzes the interaction between international law and the Russian legal system at a level of detail and sophistication without precedent in Russian legal doctrine. This topic has become vital for Russian courts because generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties have become part of the Russian legal system since the Constitution of Russia was adopted in 1993. Great attention is paid in this study to Russian judicial practice in applying customary and treaty norms (the author had access to unpublished decisions in the archives of the Russian Supreme Court and other courts of the Russian Federation). The book also gives attention to the impact of decisions of international organizations and the practice of the European Court for Human Rights. The author sets out the legal foundations of the interaction between international law and municipal law in relations between subjects of international and national law, and he addresses at length whether and when the direct application of international legal norms is possible in the domestic legal relations of Russia. The book raises to a new level the continuing discussion of the correlation of international and national law. Classic concepts of monism and dualism cannot cope with all aspects of the interaction of international and national law. International Law and the Russian Legal System will be of interest to academics, practicing lawyers, government legal advisors, and investors.

In Russia and European Human-Rights Law: The Rise of the Civilizational Argument, Lauri Mälksoo and his co-authors critically examine Russia's experiences as part of the European human-rights protection system since its admittance to the Council of Europe in 1998. The authors combine legal and constructivist international-relations theory perspectives in studying Russia's practice and rhetoric as a member of the Council of Europe and a subject to the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights. Certain aspects of human-rights doctrine and practice in Russia are particularly highlighted: the increasing impact of Orthodox Christian teachings on the Russian government's ideology, the situation with media freedom, freedom of religion, etc. The authors draw widely on Russian sources and media. The questions whether modern-day Russia truly fits in the human-rights protection system of the Council of Europe, and whether a margin of appreciation will suffice when dealing with Moscow, are highly relevant in contemporary European politics.

Russia - a problem or solution?

The idea to publish the present book originated in a co-operation project, which started early 1998, between the Vrije Univeriteit Brussel and the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, and Moscow State University (Lomonosov), Russia. One of its main objectives was to contribute to a better integration of the issue of direct application of international law in the domestic legal system of Russia by enriching Russian legal teaching on this particular topic. It is hoped that the present book, may serve as a catalyst to have the issue of direct applicability of international law given the importance it deserves in the present-day legal curriculum reform and, as such, contribute more effectively to the implementation of the relevant constitutional provisions.