International Criminal Law In Mexico

This book puts forward proposals for solutions to the current gaps between the Mexican legal order and the norms and principles of international criminal law. Adequate legislative measures are suggested for compliance with international obligations. The author approaches the book's subject matter by tracing all norms related to the prosecution of core crimes and contextualizing each of the findings with a brief historical and political account. Additionally, state practice is analyzed, identifying patterns and inconsistencies. This approach is new in offering a wide perspective on international criminal law in Mexico. Relevant legal documents are analyzed and annexed in the book, providing the reader with a useful guide to the topics analyzed. Issues including the following are examined: the incorporation of core crimes in the Mexican legal order, military jurisdiction, the war crimes definition under Mexican law, unaddressed atrocities, state practice and future challenges to combat impunity. The book will be of relevance to legal scholars, students, practitioners of law and human rights advocates. It also offers interesting insights to political scientists, historians and journalists. Tania Ixchel Atilano has a Dr. Iur. from the Humboldt Universität Berlin, an LLM in German Law from the Ludwig Maximilian Universität, Munich, and attained her law degree at the ITAM in Mexico City.

Foundations of international criminal law -- Definition, protected values and goals of international criminal law -- Definition and protected values -- Goals -- Historical evolution of international criminal law -- 3 normative hierarchy of the norms prohibiting international crimes -- A jurisprudence of international and hybrid criminal tribunals -- General comments and concluding observations of the human rights committee : the situations in Spain and Northern Ireland -- Jurisprudence of the Inter- American Court of Human Rights -- Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights -- Final Remarks -- The scope of criminal proceedings for International crimes since the end of the Cold War -- The scope of criminal proceedings in international and hybrid criminal tribunals -- The scope of criminal proceeding in the international criminal tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda -- The scope of criminal proceedings in the International Criminal Court -- The scope of criminal proceedings in hybrid criminal tribunals -- Final Remarks -- The scope of criminal proceedings for international crimes in national jurisdictions -- The long struggle for the investigation and prosecution of international crimes committed in Argentina by the military dictatorship (1976-1983) -- The crimes : 1976-1983 -- The long struggle for the investigation and prosecution of international crimes in Argentina : 1983-2005 -- Criminal proceedings since 2005 -- The scope of criminal proceedings for international crimes in national jurisdictions of territorial states -- The scope of criminal proceedings for international crimes in foreign national jurisdictions acting under the principle of universal jurisdiction -- International criminal law and transnational criminal organizations -- How do transnational criminal organizations operate? -- Introduction to the phenomenon of transnational crime -- Transnational criminal organizations -- Mexican drug cartels and their structural connexion with public authorities -- Colombian bacrims -- Final remarks : the situation of the Japanese Yakuza -- Is international criminal law an appropriate mechanism to deal with transnational criminal organizations? -- Initial approach to the problem -- The distinct nature of transnational criminal law and international criminal law -- Do some of the most serious acts of violence by transnational criminal organizations constitute crimes against humanity and thus legitimize an international criminal law response? -- International criminal law and transitional justice -- Definition and scope of transitional justice : should it be applied to situations of large scale violence by transnational criminal organizations? special attention to the situation in Mexico -- Historical precedents -- Definition -- The scope of transitional justice : should transitional justice be applied to situations of large scale violence by transnational criminal organizations like in Mexico? -- The tension between criminal proceedings for international crimes and truth commissions as central elements of a liberal approach to transitional justice -- Introduction to a liberal approach to transitional justice -- Initial approach to the tension between criminal proceedings and truth commissions : the reactions to the 2 October 2016 referendum on the peace agreement between the Colombian government and the FARC -- Strengths and weaknesses of criminal proceedings for international crimes -- Strengths and weaknesses of truth commissions -- The treatment of structural violence by truth commissions : the armed conflict in Colombia as a paradigmatic example of structural violence and concerns about the mandate of the commission for the clarification of truth, coexistence, and non- repetition in Colombia -- The tension between furthering truth recovery and protecting political commitment : the cases of Northern Ireland and Spain -- Is it possible to articulate truth commissions and criminal proceedings for international crimes to overcome their respective limitations? -- From a social- democratic approach to transitional justice to the contributions of critical theories -- Introduction to a social-democratic approach to transitional justice -- The tension between individual and collective elements of reparation programs -- The notion of superficial transition -- The main issues of transitional justice : when, how, and why -- The relationship between transitional justice and development : particular attention to the UN millennium development goals -- Final Remarks -- From the 1984 Naval Club Agreement in Uruguay to the 2016 Colon Theatre Peace Agreement in Colombia -- Uruguay -- The crimes : (1973-1985) -- The transitional process -- The criminal proceedings -- Final remarks -- Colombia -- The various transitional justice systems set Up in Colombia in the last decade -- The 24 November 2016 Peace Agreement between the Colombian government and the FARC -- The main elements of the Colombian integrated system of truth, justice, reparation, and non- repetition -- Final Remarks -- How should the normative dilemma posed by the overlapping scopes of application of international criminal law and transitional justice be addressed? -- The fragmentation of international law -- The normative dilemma posed by the overlapping scopes of application of international criminal law and transitional justice -- Can the adoption of transitional justice mechanisms that do not comply with the legal regime of international crimes be the solution to the normative dilemma? particular attention to the special jurisdiction for peace in Colombia -- Final Remarks

This anthology brings together legal and philosophical theorists to examine the normative and conceptual foundations of international criminal law. In particular, through these essays the international group of authors addresses questions of state sovereignty; of groups, rather than individuals, as perpetrators and victims of international crimes; of international criminal law and the promotion of human rights and social justice; and of what comes after international criminal prosecutions, namely, punishment and reconciliation. International criminal law is still an emerging field, and as it continues to develop, the elucidation of clear, consistent theoretical groundings for its practices will be crucial. The questions raised and issues addressed by the essays in this volume will aid in this important endeavor.

"Of the fifteen chapters, thirteen address issues of implementation of the Rome Statute in Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands, South Africa, Sweden, UK, Argentina, Brazil, Italy, Lichtenstein, Japan, and Mexico [in legislation either adopted or pending]. ... Chapter 15 offers some critical remarks from ... China, which has not signed the treaty"--Foreword, p. xviii.

Volume 2 addresses jurisdiction and the various mechanisms and modalities of international cooperation in penal matters, which for all practical purposes, apply to both the direct and indirect enforcement methods of ICL. These mechanisms and modalities of international cooperation are used not only in bilateral interstate cooperation in penal matters but they are also employed by international tribunals, including the ICC, in their relations with states. This volume is divided into 5 chapters which are titled as: Chapter 1: Policies and Modalities (Modalities of International Cooperation in Penal Matters; The Duty to Prosecute and/or Extradite: Aut Dedere Aut Judicare; Globalization of International Enforcement Mechanisms: The Problem of Legitimacy; Globalization of Law Enforcement and Intelligence Gathering and Sharing); Chapter 2: Jurisdiction (Extraterritorial Jurisdiction; Universal Jurisdiction; Competing and Overlapping Jurisdictions; Immunities and Exceptions; The European Union and the Schengen Agreement); Chapter 3: Extradition (Law and Practice in the United States; The European Approach; Commentary on the United Nations Draft Model Law on Extradition); Chapter 4: Judicial Assistance and Mutual Cooperation in Penal Matters (United States Treaties on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters; Commentary on the United Nations Draft Model Law on Mutual Legal Assistance; Inter-State Cooperation in Penal Matters in the Commonwealth; The Council of Europe and the European Union; European Perspective on International Cooperation in Matters of Terrorism; Freezing and Seizing of Assets: Controlling Money Laundering); Chapter 5: Recognition of Foreign Penal Judgments, Transfer of CriminalProceedings, and Execution of Foreign Penal Sentences (Introduction to Recognition of Foreign Penal Judgments; Introduction to Transfer of Criminal Proceedings; Transfer of Criminal Proceedings: The European System; The Lockerbie Model of Transfer of Proceedings; International Perspective on Transfer of Prisoners and Execution of Foreign Penal Judgments; United States Policies and Practices on the Execution of Foreign Penal Sentences).

Volume 2 addresses jurisdiction and the various mechanisms and modalities of international cooperation in penal matters, which for all practical purposes, apply to both the direct and indirect enforcement methods of ICL. These mechanisms and modalities of international cooperation are used not only in bilateral interstate cooperation in penal matters but they are also employed by international tribunals, including the ICC, in their relations with states. This volume is divided into 5 chapters which are titled as: Chapter 1: Policies and Modalities (Modalities of International Cooperation in Penal Matters; The Duty to Prosecute and/or Extradite: Aut Dedere Aut Judicare; Globalization of International Enforcement Mechanisms: The Problem of Legitimacy; Globalization of Law Enforcement and Intelligence Gathering and Sharing); Chapter 2: Jurisdiction (Extraterritorial Jurisdiction; Universal Jurisdiction; Competing and Overlapping Jurisdictions; Immunities and Exceptions; The European Union and the Schengen Agreement); Chapter 3: Extradition (Law and Practice in the United States; The European Approach; Commentary on the United Nations Draft Model Law on Extradition); Chapter 4:Judicial Assistance and Mutual Cooperation in Penal Matters (United States Treaties on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters; Commentary on the United Nations Draft Model Law on Mutual Legal Assistance; Inter-State Cooperation in Penal Matters in the Commonwealth; The Council of Europe and the European Union; European Perspective on International Cooperation in Matters of Terrorism; Freezing and Seizing of Assets: Controlling Money Laundering); Chapter 5: Recognition of Foreign Penal Judgments, Transfer of Criminal Proceedings, and Execution of Foreign Penal Sentences (Introduction to Recognition of Foreign Penal Judgments; Introduction to Transfer of Criminal Proceedings; Transfer of Criminal Proceedings: The European System; The Lockerbie Model of Transfer of Proceedings; International Perspective on Transfer of Prisoners and Execution of Foreign Penal Judgments; United States Policies and Practices on the Execution of Foreign Penal Sentences).

Providing an introduction to, and detailed examination of substantive, enforcement and procedural aspects of international criminal law, this book’s examination of international and transnational crimes under treaty and customary law has been fully updated and revised. Exploring the enforcement of international criminal law through an investigation of the practice of the Security Council-based tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda, the International Criminal Court and other hybrid tribunals, such as those for Cambodia, Sierra Leone, Lockerbie and truth commissions, the authors look at terrorism, offences against the person, piracy and jurisdiction, and immunities amongst a variety of other topics. New to this edition are four additional chapters on: various forms of liability and participation in international crime war crimes crimes against humanity genocide and illegal rendition. This is an ideal text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of law or international relations, practitioners and those interested in gaining an insight into international criminal law