Introducing Foreign Models For Development

This open access book studies how foreign models of economic development can be effectively learned by and applied to today’s latecomer countries. Policy capacity and societal learning are increasingly stressed as pre-conditions for successful catch-up. However, how such learning should be initiated by individual societies with different features needs to be explained. The book answers this pragmatic question from the perspective of Japan’s past experience and its extensive development cooperation in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Since the late nineteenth century, Japan has developed a unique philosophy and method for adopting advanced technologies and systems from the West; the same philosophy and method govern its current cooperation with the developing world. The key concepts are local learning and translative adaptation. Local learning says that development requires the learner to adopt a proactive mindset and the goal of graduating from receiving aid. Meanwhile, translative adaptation requires foreign models be modified to fit local realities given the different structures of the home and foreign society. The development process must be wholly owned by the domestic society in rejection of copy-and-paste acceptance. These ideas not only informed Japan but are key to successful development for all. The book also asks how this learning method should—or should not—be revised in the age of SDGs and digitalization. Following the overview section that lays out the general principles, the book offers many real cases from Japan and other countries. The concrete actions outlined in these cases, with close attention to individual growth “ingredients” as opposed to general theories, are crucial to successful policy making. The book contains materials that are highly useful for national leaders and practitioners within developing countries as well as students of development studies.

A result of more than four decades of teaching experience, this book deals with the problems of economic growth, development and eradication of poverty and unemployment. The book also includes an analytical study of important issues of environment and sustainable development. The book not only explains the models and theories of economic growth but also critically evaluates their relevance to developing countries. A major highlight of discussion in the context is the exploration of the widely accepted Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach to development.

The zebrafish is the most important fish model in developmental and genetic analyses. This book contains 19 review articles covering a broad spectrum of topics, from development to genetic tools. The contents range from early development, the role of maternal factors and gastrulation, to tissue differentiation and organogenesis, such as development of the organizer, notochord, floor plate, nervous system, somites, muscle, skeleton and endoderm. The genetic tools cover morpholino knock-down, transgenics, fish cloning, transposons and genome evolution. The book also includes two chapters on genome mapping and embryonic stem cells in medaka, another important model fish. Summarizing the state-of-the-art studies of the zebrafish model and focusing on the molecular aspects of development, this book is a valuable reference for students learning the basic aspects of the zebrafish model, and for researchers seeking resources in zebrafish research. Contents:The Role of Maternal Factors in Early Zebrafish Development (F Pelegri)Gastrulation in Zebrafish (F Ulrich & C-P Heisenberg)Development of the Zebrafish Organiser and Notochord (K A Thomas & D L Stemple)Formation and Functions of the Floor Plate (J Tian & K Sampath)Form and Function in the Zebrafish Nervous System (M Hendricks & S Jesuthasan)Development of the Primary Nervous System of the Zebrafish Embryo (U Strähle & V Korzh)Making Scents: Development and Function of the Olfactory Sensory System (K E Whitlock)Somites Segmentation: A View from Fish (H Takeda & Y Saga)Vertebrate Somite Development, Notch Signaling and Others (Y-J Jiang)Molecular Regulation of Fish Muscle Development and Growth (S J Du)Skeletogenesis in Zebrafish Danio rerio: Evolutionary and Developmental Aspects (S Fisher & P M Mabee)Endoderm Formation in Zebrafish (N B David et al.)Gene 'Knockdown' Approaches Using Unconventional Antisense Oligonucleotides (E Chen et al.)Transgenic Fish for Developmental Biology Studies (Z-Y Gong et al.)Cloning the Zebrafish (B Ju et al.)Applications of Transponsable Elements in Fish for Transgenesis and Functional Genomics (P B Hacketts et al.)Evolution of the Zebrafish Genome (J H Postlethwait)Medaka Genome Mappling for Functional Genomics (H Mitani et al.)Medaka Embryonic Stem Cells (Y-H Hong & M Schartl) Readership: Upper level undergraduates, graduate students, academics and researchers in cell & molecular biology, fish & marine biology and genetics. Keywords:Zebrafish;Medaka;Embrynonic Development;Axial Structures;Neurogenesis;Somites;Transgenics;GenomeKey Features:Contributed by active researchers working in the field of developmental biology of the zebrafish and medakaCovers essentially all major topics from early development to organogenesis as well as several most important genetic toolsRepresents most updated reviews in selected areas of the rapidly developing field

Reorientation from economic controls to a market-based approach led to significant changes in the economic policy of developing countries in the 1980s. Yet, with governments continuing to exercise economic management to accelerate growth beyond that achieved by market forces, techniques and models of development planning are still an integral feature of development policy management. Development Policy and Planning provides a non-technical explanation of the main techniques and models used for economic policy formulation. Each technique is illustrated in application through practical examples.

This book describes the concepts and application of model-based development (MBD), model transformations, and Agile MBD to a wide range of software systems. It covers systems requirements engineering, system specification and design, verification, reuse, and system composition in the context of Agile MBD. Examples of applications in finance, system migration, internet systems and software refactoring are given. An established open-source MBD technology, UML-RSDS, is used throughout to illustrate the concepts. The book is suitable for industrial practitioners who need training in Agile MBD, and those who need to understand the issues to be considered when introducing MBD in an industrial context. It is also suitable for academic researchers, and for use as text for undergraduate or postgraduate courses in MBD. Examples for educational use of UML-RSDS are included in the book.

Analyzes the major economic issues confronting less-developed countries.

This book describes human development including sexual reproduction and stem cell research with the development of model organisms that are accessible to genetic and experimental analysis in readily understandable texts and 315 multi-colored graphics. The introductory account of model organisms selected from the entire animal kingdom presents general principles, which are then outlined in subsequent chapters devoted to, for example, sexual development; genes controlling development and their contemporary molecular-analysis methods; production of clones and transgenic animals; development of the nervous and circulatory systems; regenerative medicine and ageing. Finally the evolution of developmental toolkits and novelties is discussed including the genetic basis of the enlargement of the human forebrain. Separate boxes are devoted to controversial questions such as the benefits and problems of prenatal diagnostics or the construction of ancient body plans.