Jews In Krakow

Few Polish cities have evoked more affection from their Jewish inhabitants than Krakow, and this volume brings together the work of leading historians - from Israel, Poland, Great Britain, and the US - to explore how this relationship evolved. It takes as its starting point 1772, when Poland was partitioned between the Great Powers and Krakow came under Austrian rule, and it examines the relationship between the Jewish minority and the Polish majority in the city in the different stages of its history down to the period of German occupation during World War II. An additional perspective is provided by a consideration of how Jewish life in Krakow has been remembered by Holocaust survivors and how it is portrayed in post-war Polish literature. The main explanation for the specific nature of relations between Poles and Jews in Krakow seems to be that Jewish acculturation to Polish culture was more pronounced in Krakow than anywhere else in Poland. The Jewish community as a whole opened itself up to contemporary currents and participated in the life of the city, above all in its cultural dimension, while nevertheless retaining a highly articulated sense of Jewish identity and unity. This meant that Jews were able both to defend their interests effectively and to establish links with the rest of the population from a position of strength. An additional important factor appears to have been the more tolerant atmosphere which prevailed in the Austro-Hungarian empire, which meant that ethnic tensions were less acute than elsewhere on the Polish lands. Furthermore, the fact that the city was largely pre-industrial and conservative, and was a spiritual and intellectual center for both Catholics and Jews, may paradoxically have mitigated ethnic conflict, as did the fact that the two societies - Polish and Jewish - were largely socially separate. While the increase in anti-Semitism after 1935 and the consequences of the Holocaust are still etched in the minds of many, the city nevertheless has a special place in Jewish hearts and will continue to be remembered as one of the great centers of Jewish culture in east-central Europe. As in other volumes of Polin, the New Views section examines a number of important topics. These include a general investigation of the situation of the Jews in Galicia, an analysis of the position of Jewish slave laborers in the Kielce area under Nazi rule, an investigation into the resurgence after 1944 of the myth of ritual murder, and a discussion of the history of the Jewish settlement in Lower Silesia after the World War II. [Subject: History, Jewish Studies, Polish Studies, Cultural Studies]

Jews created the first comic book, the first graphic novel, the first comic book convention, the first comic book specialty store, and they helped create the underground comics (or "Comix") movement of the late '60s and early '70s. Many of the creators of the most famous comic books, such as Superman, Spiderman, X-Men, and Batman, as well as the founders of MAD Magazine, were Jewish. From Krakow to Krypton: Jews and Comic Books tells their stories and demonstrates how they brought a uniquely Jewish perspective to their work and to the comics industry as a whole. Over-sized and in full color, From Krakow to Krypton is filled with sidebars, cartoon bubbles, comic book graphics, original design sketches, and photographs. It is a visually stunning and exhilarating history.

Few Polish cities have evoked more affection from their Jewish inhabitants than Krakow, and this volume brings together the work of leading historians - from Israel, Poland, Great Britain, and the US - to explore how this relationship evolved. It takes as its starting point 1772, when Poland was partitioned between the Great Powers and Krakow came under Austrian rule, and it examines the relationship between the Jewish minority and the Polish majority in the city in the different stages of its history down to the period of German occupation during World War II. An additional perspective is provided by a consideration of how Jewish life in Krakow has been remembered by Holocaust survivors and how it is portrayed in post-war Polish literature. The main explanation for the specific nature of relations between Poles and Jews in Krakow seems to be that Jewish acculturation to Polish culture was more pronounced in Krakow than anywhere else in Poland. The Jewish community as a whole opened itself up to contemporary currents and participated in the life of the city, above all in its cultural dimension, while nevertheless retaining a highly articulated sense of Jewish identity and unity. This meant that Jews were able both to defend their interests effectively and to establish links with the rest of the population from a position of strength. An additional important factor appears to have been the more tolerant atmosphere which prevailed in the Austro-Hungarian empire, which meant that ethnic tensions were less acute than elsewhere on the Polish lands. Furthermore, the fact that the city was largely pre-industrial and conservative, and was a spiritual and intellectual center for both Catholics and Jews, may paradoxically have mitigated ethnic conflict, as did the fact that the two societies - Polish and Jewish - were largely socially separate. While the increase in anti-Semitism after 1935 and the consequences of the Holocaust are still etched in the minds of many, the city nevertheless has a special place in Jewish hearts and will continue to be remembered as one of the great centers of Jewish culture in east-central Europe. As in other volumes of Polin, the New Views section examines a number of important topics. These include a general investigation of the situation of the Jews in Galicia, an analysis of the position of Jewish slave laborers in the Kielce area under Nazi rule, an investigation into the resurgence after 1944 of the myth of ritual murder, and a discussion of the history of the Jewish settlement in Lower Silesia after the World War II. [Subject: History, Jewish Studies, Polish Studies, Cultural Studies]

Winner of the 2020 Ernst Fraenkel Prize from the Wiener Holocaust Library​ Jewish Childhood in Kraków is the first book to tell the history of Kraków in the second World War through the lens of Jewish children’s experiences. Here, children assume center stage as historical actors whose recollections and experiences deserve to be told, analyzed, and treated seriously. Sliwa scours archives to tell their story, gleaning evidence from the records of the German authorities, Polish neighbors, Jewish community and family, and the children themselves to explore the Holocaust in German-occupied Poland and in Kraków in particular. A microhistory of a place, a people, and daily life, this book plumbs the decisions and behaviors of ordinary people in extraordinary times. Offering a window onto human relations and ethnic tensions in times of rampant violence, Jewish Childhood in Kraków is an effort both to understand the past and to reflect on the position of young people during humanitarian crises.

In the vein of The Boy in the Striped Pajamas and Number the Stars, this fusion of fairy tales, folklore, and World War II history eloquently illustrates the power of love and the inherent will to survive even in the darkest of times. In the land of dolls, there is magic. In the land of humans, there is war. Everywhere there is pain. But together there is hope. Karolina is a living doll whose king and queen have been overthrown. But when a strange wind spirits her away from the Land of the Dolls, she finds herself in Kraków, Poland, in the company of the Dollmaker, a man with an unusual power and a marked past. The Dollmaker has learned to keep to himself, but Karolina’s courageous and compassionate manner lead him to smile and to even befriend a violin-playing father and his daughter—that is, once the Dollmaker gets over the shock of realizing a doll is speaking to him. But their newfound happiness is dashed when Nazi soldiers descend upon Poland. Karolina and the Dollmaker quickly realize that their Jewish friends are in grave danger, and they are determined to help save them, no matter what the risks.

Originally published in 1996 in a joint Polish-English edition by Fundacja Judaica, Krakow. This English edition comprises an introduction and 19 collected essays and lectures written by Scharf, a Polish Jew born in Kracow (1914) who emigrated to England in the 1930s. Considered the "chronicler of Kracow Jewry," a virtually extinct world, he wrote the essays in both English and Polish, reflecting his particular perspective as a different kind of "survivor." Essay titles include "Krakow-blessed its memory," "The lesson of Auschwitz," "Rumkowski of the Lodz ghetto," and "Witnesses." Many originally appeared in The Jewish Quarterly (which Sharf co-founded). No index. Distributed by ISBS. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR