Law Cultural Diversity And Criminal Defense

American legal scholars have debated for some time the need for a cultural defense in criminal proceedings where minority cultural information seems perti nent to a finding of criminal responsibility in situations where a minority cultural defendant has violated a valid criminal statute. This work presents a systematic analysis of this issue. Drawing from sociological, anthropological, and philosophical materials, as well as traditional legal discussions, the authors develop a scheme that indicates when cultural factors can be used as the basis for such a defense and when they are irrelevant to a finding of criminal responsibility. The argument moves from general concerns of social justice that apply under conditions of social and cultural pluralism to practical policy recommendations for the operation of American criminal justice. It thus connects more theoretical materials with the practical concerns of jurisprudence. The justification for legal recognition of a cultural defense in American criminal law is anchored firmly in American constitutional law.

The idea of a cultural defense in criminal law is often ridiculed as "multiculturalism run amok ". To allow someone charged with a crime to say "this is my culture " as an excuse for their action seems to open the door to cultural relativism, to jeopardize the protection of fundamental rights, and to undermine norms of individual responsibility. Many scholars, however, insist that cultural evidence is appropriate, indeed essential, for the fair operation of the criminal law. The criminal law is society's most powerful tool for regulating behaviour, and just for that reason we apply strong safeguards to ensure that criminal sanctions are applied in a fair way. When it comes to individuals, we want our rules for judging responsibility and punishment to track the actual blameworthiness of the specific individual being prosecuted for a specific action in the past. Cultural evidence may help improve our judgements of individual blameworthiness and desert; indeed, cultural evidence might even be necessary if the practice of punishing individuals is to be legitimate and equitable. According to its proponents, the use of cultural evidence when judging individual blameworthiness is a natural extension of the logic of existing criminal law doctrines regarding defences, and of the logic of current philosophical theories of responsibility and agency. This volume brings together scholars of both criminal law and philosophy to rigorously assess these ideas. Each of the chapters addresses a different dimension of the issue, from a range of perspectives, with varying degrees of sympathy or scepticism regarding cultural defences. The result is an important and original contribution to the literature. It explores why cultural diversity raises distinctive challenges in the criminal law context, not found in other domains of the multiculturalism debate, while also exploring how this particular context raises fundamental issues of agency and responsibility that are at the heart of broader debates in legal, social and political philosophy.

The one essential treatise for representing immigrant and diverse clients, up to date with Padilla v Kentucky, with jurisprudence and practice tips relevant to all stages of representation, from interviewing clients to handling post conviction and relief. This treatise will be of interest to public defender offices as well as private practitioners.Keeping pace with the rapidly changing face of America, Cultural Issues in Criminal Defense -3rd edition is the complete reference guide to one of the most challenging and topical subjects in contemporary criminal law. Cultural Issues in Criminal Defense is an indispensable book for the criminal defense lawyer representing people from other cultures, nationalities or ethnic backgrounds. Lawyers defending these individuals face a host of characteristic concerns that include cultural barriers to communication, the need for qualified interpreters, unique Fourth and Fifth Amendment issues, cultural defenses, issues involving Native Americans, the immigration consequences of a conviction, and distinctive sentencing issues. Packed with practice tips and helpful precedent cases, Cultural Issues in Criminal Defense is the only book on the market that walks the practitioner through these issues in a clear, comprehensive and systematic way. Extensively updated and expanded for its third edition, the guide now includes chapters on stimulating new subjects such as consular assistance issues, gathering evidence abroad, language proficiency concerns and international prisoner transfers.

As individuals travel across borders, societies have become more and more pluralistic. The result of increased migration is the interaction among cultural communities and inevitably clashes between state law and customary law. These cultural conflicts have given rise to a new multicultural jurisprudence. In this volume scholars grapple with the immense challenges judges are currently experiencing everywhere. To what extent can and should courts accommodate litigants' requests by taking their cultural backgrounds into account? This collection brings together powerful examples of the cultural defense in many countries in Western Europe, North America, and elsewhere. It shows the ubiquity of this defense, contrary to the mistaken impression that it has been invoked principally in the United States. This book makes the case for undertaking studies of the use of the cultural defense in jurisdictions all over the world where this has not been previously documented. Many of the chapters concentrate on criminal cases including homicide in the context of honour crimes, provocation based on 'loss of face' or witchcraft killings. Some deal with other areas of law such as asylum jurisprudence, family law and housing policy. They show in concrete cases how cultural claims have arisen and how legal systems wrestle with these arguments. It is clear that judges have had considerable difficulty handling many of the cultural claims. The authors demonstrate persuasively the need to reconsider the proper use of cultural evidence in legal proceedings. Those interested in the ways in which expertise influences the disposition of cases will find this book compelling.

What place, if any, ought cultural considerations have when we blame and punish in the criminal law? Bringing together political and legal theorists, this text offers original and diverse discussions that go to the heart of both legal and political debates about multiculturalism, human agency, and responsibility --

Legal systems do not operate in isolation but in complex cultural contexts. This original and thought-provoking volume considers how cultural assumptions are built into American legal decision-making, drawing on a series of case studies to demonstrate the range of ways courts express their understanding of human nature, social relationships, and the sense of orderliness that cultural schemes purport to offer. Unpacking issues such as native heritage, male circumcision, and natural law, Rosen provides fresh insight into socio-legal studies, drawing on his extensive experience as both an anthropologist and a law professional to provide a unique perspective on the important issue of law and cultural practice. The Judgement of Culture will make informative reading for students and scholars of anthropology, law, and related subjects across the social sciences.

This book examines the everyday judicial experience in four multicultural jurisdictions as a means of exploring the relationship between legal systems and cultural identities. Increasing social heterogeneity has deeply affected legal systems as courts and parliaments must now deal with a growing rate of cases concerning cultural pluralism. Headline-grabbing disputes usually concern challenges to fundamental rights and principles which may be put at risk by some religious or cultural practices. These are difficult issues questioning the compatibility between some cultural and religious practices and constitutional values. However, much of the interaction between law and cultural pluralism also concerns daily life activities, which do not necessarily challenge fundamental rights. This book deals with food, clothing and days of rest: three expressions of both human needs and identity which are based on ethnic origin, tradition, culture, religion or, simply, taste. The volume looks at the intersection between these choices and constitutional rights such as religious liberty or freedom of expression. It aims to understand how the state legal system deals with them and when non-mainstreaming behaviours are accommodated. Four legal systems are taken into consideration – the United States of America, Canada, France and Italy – exploring similarities and differences in facing cultural diversity around these quotidian issues. The book pays particular attention to the places where diversity is most apparent and also considers the choices that are not based on religious precepts, but rather on “personal philosophy”. The book will be of interest to researchers, academics and policy-makers working in the areas of constitutional law, law and cultural diversity, human rights, minority rights and discrimination law.

Cultural Issues in Criminal Defense discusses approaches to defending cultural issues. The cultural issues are not limited to differences between people of different countries, however. Cultural issues can arise within a country and amongst its people, within a means of collecting and investigating information, and within the way the society perceives the information. All of these factors affect how criminal defense practitioners prepare their cases - from consulting with their clients, to reviewing the investigation by law enforcement, anticipating what information may need to be suppressed, minimized, or emphasized, selecting the jury, attempting to manage how the media reports the information, the direct and cross-examination of witnesses, admission of evidence, and potentially appeal and post-conviction. Special features of this new edition include chapters on: --“Interviewing Immigrant Clients and Special Immigrant Relief for Crime Victims” --“Immigration Consequences of Criminal Convictions” --“Digital Defense: Meeting the Challenges that the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Poses” --“A General Discussion of Some Cultural Issues from State of Florida v George Zimmerman.” This book is a helpful tool for any practitioner whether they have a criminal defendant in a case abroad, a case involving an immigrant defendant in the U.S., or a criminal case within the U.S. with a unique cultural issue.